IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v9y2016i6p435-d71401.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Hydrothermal Conversion of Neutral Sulfite Semi-Chemical Red Liquor into Hydrochar

Author

Listed:
  • Ramy Gamgoum

    (School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada)

  • Animesh Dutta

    (School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada)

  • Rafael M. Santos

    (School of Applied Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Sheridan Institute of Technology, 7899 McLaughlin Road, Brampton, ON L6Y 5H9, Canada)

  • Yi Wai Chiang

    (School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada)

Abstract

Hydrochar was produced from neutral sulfite semi-chemical (NSSC) red liquor as a possible bio-based solid fuel for use in power generation facilities. Hydrothermal conversion (HTC) experiments were conducted using a fixed liquor-to-water volume ratio of 1:8 and reaction time of 3 h. Solutions were processed using different chemical additives, pH and temperature conditions to determine the optimum conditions required for producing a high energy content solid fuel. The hydrochar samples produced were analyzed by ultimate, thermogravimetric (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses to determine physicochemical properties that are important for utilization as a fuel. The residual process liquids were also analyzed to better understand the effect of HTC process conditions on their properties. It was determined that the optimum conditions for producing a solid fuel was at a reaction temperature of 250 °C, in the presence of acetic acid at pH 3. The maximum energy content (HHV) of the hydrochar produced from red liquor at this condition was 29.87 MJ/kg, and its ash content was 1.12 wt.%. This result reflects the effect of increasing reaction temperature on the physicochemical characteristics of the hydrochar. The increase of HTC temperature significantly reduces the ash content of the hydrochar, leads to a significant increase in the carbon content of the hydrochar, and a reduction in both the oxygen and hydrogen content. These effects suggests an increase in the degree of condensation of the hydrochar products, and consequently the formation of a high energy content material. Based on TGA and FTIR analyses, hydrochars prepared at high HTC temperature showed lower adsorbed moisture, hemicellulose and cellulose contents, with enrichment in content of higher temperature volatiles, such as lignin.

Suggested Citation

  • Ramy Gamgoum & Animesh Dutta & Rafael M. Santos & Yi Wai Chiang, 2016. "Hydrothermal Conversion of Neutral Sulfite Semi-Chemical Red Liquor into Hydrochar," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-18, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:9:y:2016:i:6:p:435-:d:71401
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/6/435/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/6/435/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rodrigo Lopes De Souza & Hao Yu & Franck Rataboul & Nadine Essayem, 2012. "5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) Production from Hexoses: Limits of Heterogeneous Catalysis in Hydrothermal Conditions and Potential of Concentrated Aqueous Organic Acids as Reactive Solvent System," Challenges, MDPI, vol. 3(2), pages 1-21, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Michela Lucian & Luca Fiori, 2017. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of Waste Biomass: Process Design, Modeling, Energy Efficiency and Cost Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-18, February.
    2. Bide Zhang & Mohammad Heidari & Bharat Regmi & Shakirudeen Salaudeen & Precious Arku & Mahendra Thimmannagari & Animesh Dutta, 2018. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of Fruit Wastes: A Promising Technique for Generating Hydrochar," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-14, August.
    3. Dhananjay Bhatt & Ankita Shrestha & Raj Kumar Dahal & Bishnu Acharya & Prabir Basu & Richard MacEwen, 2018. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biosolids from Waste Water Treatment Plant," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-10, August.
    4. Heidari, Mohammad & Salaudeen, Shakirudeen & Arku, Precious & Acharya, Bishnu & Tasnim, Syeda & Dutta, Animesh, 2021. "Development of a mathematical model for hydrothermal carbonization of biomass: Comparison of experimental measurements with model predictions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
    5. Isaac Lorero & Arturo J. Vizcaíno & Francisco J. Alguacil & Félix A. López, 2020. "Activated Carbon from Winemaking Waste: Thermoeconomic Analysis for Large-Scale Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-22, December.
    6. Shrestha, Ankita & Acharya, Bishnu & Farooque, Aitazaz A., 2021. "Study of hydrochar and process water from hydrothermal carbonization of sea lettuce," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 589-598.
    7. Trishan Deb Abhi & Omid Norouzi & Kevin Macdermid-Watts & Mohammad Heidari & Syeda Tasnim & Animesh Dutta, 2021. "Miscanthus to Biocarbon for Canadian Iron and Steel Industries: An Innovative Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-18, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kambo, Harpreet Singh & Dutta, Animesh, 2015. "A comparative review of biochar and hydrochar in terms of production, physico-chemical properties and applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 359-378.
    2. Kang, Shimin & Fu, Jinxia & Zhang, Gang, 2018. "From lignocellulosic biomass to levulinic acid: A review on acid-catalyzed hydrolysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 340-362.
    3. Morone, Amruta & Apte, Mayura & Pandey, R.A., 2015. "Levulinic acid production from renewable waste resources: Bottlenecks, potential remedies, advancements and applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 548-565.
    4. Subhash Paul & Animesh Dutta & Fantahun Defersha, 2018. "Mechanical and Alkaline Hydrothermal Treated Corn Residue Conversion in to Bioenergy and Biofertilizer: A Resource Recovery Concept," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-20, February.
    5. Hu, Lei & Wu, Zhen & Jiang, Yetao & Wang, Xiaoyu & He, Aiyong & Song, Jie & Xu, Jiming & Zhou, Shouyong & Zhao, Yijiang & Xu, Jiaxing, 2020. "Recent advances in catalytic and autocatalytic production of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:9:y:2016:i:6:p:435-:d:71401. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.