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Coping Strategies of Smallholder Coffee Farmers under the COVID-19 Impact in Indonesia

Author

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  • Suci Wulandari

    (Indonesian Center for Estate Crops Research and Development, Bogor 16111, Indonesia)

  • Fadjry Djufry

    (Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Jakarta 12540, Indonesia)

  • Renato Villano

    (UNE Business School, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia)

Abstract

COVID-19 significantly impacts coffee production, which smallholders dominate. Unaddressed impacts will affect coffee production sustainability. However, smallholders face some constraints. This study aims to determine the impact of COVID-19 from the perspective of Arabica and Robusta farmers in Indonesia, examine technical recommendations as coping strategies, and develop an institutional model to accelerate implementation. We analyzed the divergences in the perceptions of different categories and clusters using farm-level data. Descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney analysis, cluster analysis, and crosstab analysis were used to explore the facts. Immediate effects of COVID-19 were observed through a decline in household income, impacting the allocation of farming costs, which influences productivity related to the intensity of cultivation, particularly in purchasing and fertilization decisions. It was explored by the study that coffee livestock integration is an important strategy to improve farmers’ livelihood to mitigate the impact. The innovation sharing model complements this technical recommendation as institutional recommendations, including innovation sharing elements and processes. Four farmer clusters have been identified based on the adoption spectrum and farmer conditions. The intervention provides innovation-sharing elements for farmers who have not adopted integration. Where integration was partially completed, reusing waste is recommended by completing innovation elements and improving the sharing process.

Suggested Citation

  • Suci Wulandari & Fadjry Djufry & Renato Villano, 2022. "Coping Strategies of Smallholder Coffee Farmers under the COVID-19 Impact in Indonesia," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-18, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:12:y:2022:i:5:p:690-:d:814459
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zsuzsanna Bacsi & Mária Fekete-Farkas & Muhammad Imam Ma’ruf, 2023. "A Graph-Based Network Analysis of Global Coffee Trade—The Impact of COVID-19 on Trade Relations in 2020," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-32, February.

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