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Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Farmers and Their Responses: A Study of Three Farming Systems in Kerala, South India

Author

Listed:
  • Anamika Menon

    (Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bengaluru 560064, India)

  • Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt

    (Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Freiburg University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany)

Abstract

Particularly in countries with an agrarian economy, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought hardships faced by farmers into sharp focus. One of the most badly hit countries was India. This study aims to bring to light the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the livelihoods of farmers in three farming systems (coffee farming, Kole wetland paddy farming, and homestead farming) in the southern Indian state of Kerala. We collected the data using telephone interviews and studied the impacts (economic, social, institutional) of the pandemic on the selected farming systems, the responses of farmers (short and long term) to these impacts, and the ability of farmers to secure their livelihoods (by analyzing resilience capacities and transforming structures and processes of the farming systems). The methodological framework used was developed based on the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach and the Resilience Framework. We found significant impacts on the three studied farming systems due to COVID-19. As the impacts, responses, and ability to secure livelihoods varied across the three farming systems, we concluded that there is not a single solution that could be prescribed for all farming systems and that each land use system must be treated individually.

Suggested Citation

  • Anamika Menon & Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt, 2022. "Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Farmers and Their Responses: A Study of Three Farming Systems in Kerala, South India," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-30, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:144-:d:726826
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Celia Sama-Berrocal & Beatriz Corchuelo Martínez-Azúa, 2022. "How Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected the Different Branches of the Agri-Food Industry in Extremadura (Spain)?," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-29, June.
    2. Suci Wulandari & Fadjry Djufry & Renato Villano, 2022. "Coping Strategies of Smallholder Coffee Farmers under the COVID-19 Impact in Indonesia," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-18, May.
    3. Fadjry Djufry & Suci Wulandari & Renato Villano, 2022. "Climate Smart Agriculture Implementation on Coffee Smallholders in Indonesia and Strategy to Accelerate," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-21, July.
    4. Adi Sulistyo & A. Faroby Falatehan & A. Faroby Falatehan, 2023. "Difference Income of Forest Farmers before and after the Distribution of Revolving Forestry Loan Funds," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 7(8), pages 716-721, August.

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