IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jadmsc/v15y2025i4p148-d1637245.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Research Gap in Personal Branding: Understanding and Quantifying Personal Branding by Developing a Standardized Framework for Personal Brand Equity Measurement

Author

Listed:
  • Péter Szántó

    (Doctoral School of Entrepreneurship and Business, Budapest Business University, 1087 Budapest, Hungary)

  • Árpád Papp-Váry

    (Department of Marketing, Faculty of International Management and Business, Budapest University of Economics and Business, 1165 Budapest, Hungary
    Lámfalussy Research Center, Faculty of Economics, University of Sopron, 9400 Sopron, Hungary)

  • László Radácsi

    (Faculty of Business, Communication and Tourism, Budapest Metropolitan University, 1148 Budapest, Hungary)

Abstract

Personal Branding (PB) has gained significant attention in recent years, especially in career advancement and business success. This study addresses the research gap in Personal Brand Equity (PBE) measurement by developing and validating a standardized framework. Using mixed-methods research combining interviews with 10 professionals and surveys of 396 individuals across diverse professional categories, the study identifies and validates three dimensions of PBE: Brand Appeal, Brand Differentiation, and Brand Recognition. Factor analysis revealed six critical attributes influencing PBE (visibility, credibility, differentiation, online presence, professional network, and reputation) and distinguished between external- and self-Personal Brand Equity components. Data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA), with reliability assessed through Cronbach’s alpha (>0.7). Findings demonstrate significant correlations between high PBE scores and positive career outcomes including job satisfaction, salary progression, and advancement opportunities. The resulting Personal Brand Equity Scale (PBES) provides both a measurement tool for professionals seeking to enhance their personal brands and a validated framework for future academic research on personal branding effectiveness.

Suggested Citation

  • Péter Szántó & Árpád Papp-Váry & László Radácsi, 2025. "Research Gap in Personal Branding: Understanding and Quantifying Personal Branding by Developing a Standardized Framework for Personal Brand Equity Measurement," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-33, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jadmsc:v:15:y:2025:i:4:p:148-:d:1637245
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3387/15/4/148/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3387/15/4/148/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jean-Noël Kapferer & Audrey Azoulay, 2003. "Do brand personality scales really measure brand personality?," Post-Print hal-00781544, HAL.
    2. Sandra Maria Correia Loureiro & Rui Lopes & Hans Ruediger Kaufmann, 2014. "How brand personality, brand identification and service quality influence service brand equity," Cogent Business & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 1(1), pages 1-1, October.
    3. Kevin Lane Keller & Donald R. Lehmann, 2006. "Brands and Branding: Research Findings and Future Priorities," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 25(6), pages 740-759, 11-12.
    4. Wioleta Kucharska, 2024. "Self-Perceived Personal Brand Equity of Knowledge Workers by Gender in Light of Knowledge-Driven Organizational Culture: Evidence From Poland and the United States," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(1), pages 21582440241, January.
    5. Labrecque, Lauren I. & Markos, Ereni & Milne, George R., 2011. "Online Personal Branding: Processes, Challenges, and Implications," Journal of Interactive Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 37-50.
    6. Joel R. Evans, 2017. "A strategic approach to self-branding," Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(4), pages 270-311, October.
    7. Sandra Maria Correia Loureiro & Rui Lopes & Hans Ruediger Kaufmann, 2014. "How brand personality, brand identification and service quality influence service brand equity," Cogent Business & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 1(1), pages 981329-9813, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bianca Grohmann & H. Bodur, 2015. "Brand Social Responsibility: Conceptualization, Measurement, and Outcomes," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 131(2), pages 375-399, October.
    2. Huber, Frank & Meyer, Frederik & Vogel, Johannes & Weihrauch, Andrea & Hamprecht, Julia, 2013. "Endorser age and stereotypes: Consequences on brand age," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 66(2), pages 207-215.
    3. Xi Chen & Xiangdong Shen & Xiangmeng Huang & Yu Li, 2021. "Research on Social Media Content Marketing: An Empirical Analysis Based on China’s 10 Metropolis for Korean Brands," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(4), pages 21582440211, October.
    4. Gliga, Gabriela & Evers, Natasha, 2023. "Marketing capability development through networking – An entrepreneurial marketing perspective," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    5. Japutra, Arnold & Molinillo, Sebastian, 2019. "Responsible and active brand personality: On the relationships with brand experience and key relationship constructs," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 464-471.
    6. da Silveira, Catherine & Lages, Carmen & Simões, Cláudia, 2013. "Reconceptualizing brand identity in a dynamic environment," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 66(1), pages 28-36.
    7. Majid Esmaeilpour & Amrollah Sayadi & Mahnaz Mirzaei, 2017. "Investigating the Impact of Service Quality Dimensions on Reputation and Brand Trust," International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research (IJBESAR), Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Kavala Campus, Greece, vol. 10(3), pages 7-17, September.
    8. Venkatesh Shankar & Pablo Azar & Matthew Fuller, 2008. "—: A Multicategory Brand Equity Model and Its Application at Allstate," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 27(4), pages 567-584, 07-08.
    9. Tohru Yoshioka-Kobayashi & Tomofumi Miyanoshita & Daisuke Kanama, 2020. "Revisiting incremental product innovations in the food-manufacturing industry: an empirical study on the effect of intellectual property rights," Journal of Economic Structures, Springer;Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS), vol. 9(1), pages 1-19, December.
    10. Kenan Arifoğlu & Christopher S. Tang, 2023. "Luxury brand licensing: Competition and reference group effects," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 32(10), pages 3227-3245, October.
    11. Kim, Sang-Joon & Bae, John & Oh, Hannah, 2019. "Financing strategically: The moderation effect of marketing activities on the bifurcated relationship between debt level and firm valuation of small and medium enterprises," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 663-681.
    12. Smith, Andrew N. & Fischer, Eileen & Yongjian, Chen, 2012. "How Does Brand-related User-generated Content Differ across YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter?," Journal of Interactive Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 26(2), pages 102-113.
    13. Bae, John & Kim, Sang-Joon & Oh, Hannah, 2017. "Taming polysemous signals: The role of marketing intensity on the relationship between financial leverage and firm performance," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 29-40.
    14. Cristina Moreira & Ana Côrte-Real & Paulo Lencastre, 2010. "The image of Agriculture in Portugal," Working Papers de Gestão (Management Working Papers) 04, Católica Porto Business School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa.
    15. Stefan Buehler & Daniel Halbheer, 2011. "Selling when Brand Image Matters," Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE), Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, vol. 167(1), pages 102-118, March.
    16. Vlad I. Rosca & Cristina Veronica Partenie, 2018. "A theoretical overview on understanding customer-based brand equity," Journal of Community Positive Practices, Catalactica NGO, issue 4, pages 19-28.
    17. Klára Margarisová & Lucie Vokáčová, 2016. "Regional Branding: Building Brand Value," Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, Mendel University Press, vol. 64(6), pages 2059-2066.
    18. Adeoye, I.A. & Ayodele, O.E. & Adesuyi, I.O & Ayo, M.F, 2021. "Brand Association and Sales Growth: The Flour Milling Industry Experience," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 5(7), pages 727-731, July.
    19. Yoshida, Masayuki & James, Jeffrey D. & Cronin, J. Joseph, 2013. "Sport event innovativeness: Conceptualization, measurement, and its impact on consumer behavior," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 16(1), pages 68-84.
    20. Teresa Barros & Paula Rodrigues & Nelson Duarte & Xue-Feng Shao & F. V. Martins & H. Barandas-Karl & Xiao-Guang Yue, 2020. "The Impact of Brand Relationships on Corporate Brand Identity and Reputation—An Integrative Model," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-21, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jadmsc:v:15:y:2025:i:4:p:148-:d:1637245. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.