IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/fip/fedkeb/93607.html

Labor Markets Are Tight, but Conditions Vary across States

Author

Abstract

A record 4.4 million employees quit their jobs in September 2021, and many businesses are struggling to fill open positions. Although at a national level the labor market appears historically tight, we show that labor market tightness differs widely across states. Most states have tighter labor markets than before the pandemic, but others have struggled to recover.

Suggested Citation

  • Johannes Matschke & Sai Sattiraju, 2021. "Labor Markets Are Tight, but Conditions Vary across States," Economic Bulletin, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, issue Dec 22, 2, pages 1-4, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedkeb:93607
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.kansascityfed.org/documents/8569/EconomicBulletin21MatschkeSattiraju1222.pdf
    File Function: Full text
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jun Nie & Shu-Kuei X. Yang, 2021. "What Has Driven the Recent Increase in Retirements?," Economic Bulletin, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, issue August 11, pages 1-4, August.
    2. Sarah Albert & Andrew T. Foerster & Pierre-Daniel G. Sarte, 2021. "Employment Effects of COVID-19 across States, Sectors," FRBSF Economic Letter, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, vol. 2021(32), pages 1-05, November.
    3. Christopher A. Pissarides, 2000. "Equilibrium Unemployment Theory, 2nd Edition," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262161877, December.
    4. Murat Tasci & Caitlin Treanor, 2018. "Labor Market Tightness across the United States since the Great Recession," Economic Commentary, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, vol. 2018(01), pages 1-6, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jochen Mankart & Rigas Oikonomou, 2017. "Household Search and the Aggregate Labour Market," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 84(4), pages 1735-1788.
    2. Kee, Hiau Looi & Hoon, Hian Teck, 2005. "Trade, capital accumulation and structural unemployment: an empirical study of the Singapore economy," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(1), pages 125-152, June.
    3. Federico Di Pace & Matthias Hertweck, 2019. "Labor Market Frictions, Monetary Policy, and Durable Goods," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 32, pages 274-304, April.
    4. Lechthaler, Wolfgang & Ring, Patrick, 2021. "Labor force participation, job search effort and unemployment insurance in the laboratory," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 748-778.
    5. Shigeru Fujita, 2011. "Dynamics of worker flows and vacancies: evidence from the sign restriction approach," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(1), pages 89-121, January/F.
    6. Jessen, Jonas & Jessen, Robin & Gałecka-Burdziak, Ewa & Góra, Marek & Kluve, Jochen, 2025. "The Micro and Macro Effects of Changes in the Potential Benefit Duration," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, issue Advance a, pages 1-59.
    7. Alessandro Ferrari & Lorenzo Pesaresi, 2025. "Specialization, Complexity & Resilience in Supply Chains," Papers 2509.08981, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2026.
    8. Christian Gianella, 2006. "Les trente-cinq heures : un réexamen des effets sur l'emploi," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 175(4), pages 163-178.
    9. Blanchflower, David G. & Oswald, Andrew J., 2006. "The Wage Curve: An Entry Written for the New Palgrave, 2nd Edition," IZA Discussion Papers 2138, IZA Network @ LISER.
    10. Isabelle Lebon & Thérèse Rebière, 2018. "How many educated workers for your economy? European targets, optimal public spending, and labor market impact," Portuguese Economic Journal, Springer;Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestao, vol. 17(1), pages 1-44, March.
    11. Antonella Trigari, 2006. "The Role of Search Frictions and Bargaining for Inflation Dynamics," Working Papers 304, IGIER (Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research), Bocconi University.
    12. Kudoh, Noritaka & Miyamoto, Hiroaki, 2025. "Robots, AI, and unemployment," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    13. Samir Amine & Pedro Santos, 2013. "Technological Choices and Labor Market Participation: Negative Income Tax," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 3(2), pages 98-113, December.
    14. Koenig, Felix & Manning, Alan & Petrongolo, Barbara, 2014. "Reservation wages and the wage flexibility puzzle," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 60613, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    15. Gaetano Lisi, 2013. "Matching Models and Housing Markets: the Role of the Zero-Profit Condition," Economic Research Guardian, Mutascu Publishing, vol. 3(1), pages 54-60, June.
    16. Andreia Tolciu, 2010. "The Economics of Social Interactions: An Interdisciplinary Ground for Social Scientists?," Forum for Social Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(3), pages 223-242, January.
    17. Toshihiko Mukoyama, 2019. "Heterogeneous Jobs and the Aggregate Labour Market," The Japanese Economic Review, Springer, vol. 70(1), pages 30-50, March.
    18. van Roye, Björn & Wesselbaum, Dennis, 2009. "Capital, endogenous separations, and the business cycle," Kiel Working Papers 1561, Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
    19. Gabriel J. Felbermayr & Mario Larch & Wolfgang Lechthaler, 2013. "Unemployment in an Interdependent World," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 5(1), pages 262-301, February.
    20. Hibiki Ichiue & Takushi Kurozumi & Takeki Sunakawa, 2013. "Inflation Dynamics And Labor Market Specifications: A Bayesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Approach For Japan'S Economy," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 51(1), pages 273-287, January.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • J18 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Public Policy
    • J20 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - General
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:fip:fedkeb:93607. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Kira Lillard (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/frbkcus.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.