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The Scale of the Shadow Economy in the Sphere of Urban and Suburban Passenger Transportation in Regions of Russia

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  • Evgeny Alexandrovich Uvarov

    (National Research University Higher School of Economics)

Abstract

The author considers a non-cash fare payment system as an effective tool to reduce the shadow income of transport organizations. The object is shadow economy in regions of Russia. The subject is the public passenger transport sphere. The author studies buses on municipal regular transport routes (city and suburbs). The category of buses also includes buses of small capacity, i. e. ‘Minibuses’. The scientific novelty of the work is to obtain quantitative and qualitative estimates of the extent and consequences of the shadow sector of the provision in the public passenger transport sphere in regions of Russia. The work takes into account a non-cash fare system using debit, credit, transport and social (preferential) cards. It was revealed that in 2018, a non-cash system was installed in 56 regions and in 29 regions was not installed. Based on the panel data analysis, considering endogeneity, AR (1), heteroskedasticity, the work revealed, where the statistical significance at p-value

Suggested Citation

  • Evgeny Alexandrovich Uvarov, 2020. "The Scale of the Shadow Economy in the Sphere of Urban and Suburban Passenger Transportation in Regions of Russia," Spatial Economics=Prostranstvennaya Ekonomika, Economic Research Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (Khabarovsk, Russia), issue 2, pages 124-141.
    • Handle: RePEc:far:spaeco:y:2020:i:2:p:124-141
    DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2020.2.124-141
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Christopher Adesola Wojuade & Adewumi I. Badiora, 2017. "User,s Satisfaction with Public Transport Operations in Ibadan, Nigeria," The Journal of Social Sciences Research, Academic Research Publishing Group, vol. 3(9), pages 88-96, 09-2017.
    2. Benedetto Barabino & Sara Salis, 2019. "Moving Towards a More Accurate Level of Inspection Against Fare Evasion in Proof-of-Payment Transit Systems," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 19(4), pages 1319-1346, December.
    3. Leandro Medina & Mr. Friedrich Schneider, 2018. "Shadow Economies Around the World: What Did We Learn Over the Last 20 Years?," IMF Working Papers 2018/017, International Monetary Fund.
    4. Albalate, Daniel & Bel, Germà, 2010. "What shapes local public transportation in Europe? Economics, mobility, institutions, and geography," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 46(5), pages 775-790, September.
    5. Guarda, Pablo & Galilea, Patricia & Paget-Seekins, Laurel & Ortúzar, Juan de Dios, 2016. "What is behind fare evasion in urban bus systems? An econometric approach," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 55-71.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    shadow economy; bus and minibus transportations; shadow revenue; shadow income; payment by card; non-cash system; fare; regions; Russia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O17 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
    • R40 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - General

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