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Ricardian equivalence hypothesis: Evidence from Pakistan

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  • Muhammad Afzal

    (Department of Management Sciences, COMMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad- Pakistan)

Abstract

This paper provides empirical evidence on the soundness and relevance of the Ricardian equivalence hypothesis (REH) for Pakistan over the period 1960__2009. Time series properties have been examined in order to take care of the criticism made against the previous studies on REH notably model-specification, simultaneity bias and stationarity of data. Real income, real consumption, real government expenditure and real government revenue, though nonstationary, are not cointegrated. There is unidirectional causality from real income to real consumption, real government expenditure and real government revenue and from real government expenditure to real government revenue. We used impulse response functions to ascertain the impact of shocks of one variable upon others. The impact of real government expenditure and real government revenue on consumption is most notable and substantial that provides some support in favour of the REH. This happens in the short-run. Stabilization policies are adopted that aim at averting those shocks that harm the economy substantially in the short-run.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Afzal, 2012. "Ricardian equivalence hypothesis: Evidence from Pakistan," E3 Journal of Business Management and Economics., E3 Journals, vol. 3(6), pages 258-265.
    • Handle: RePEc:etr:series:v:3:y:2012:i:6:p:258-265
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    3. Yaya Keho, 2016. "Impact of Budget Deficit on Private Consumption inWAEMU Countries: Evidence from Pooled Mean Group Estimation," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 8(3), pages 189-195, March.
    4. Ahmet Salih İkiz, 2020. "Testing the Ricardian Equivalence Theorem: Time Series Evidence from Turkey," Economies, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-20, August.
    5. Saima Sarwar, 2015. "Revisiting Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis (REH) For Pakistan Using Money Demand Function Approach," Journal of Empirical Economics, Research Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 4(3), pages 154-166.
    6. Ergin Akalpler, 2023. "Triggering economic growth to ensure financial stability: case study of Northern Cyprus," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 1-40, December.
    7. Mouna MARZOUK & Youssef OUKHALLOU, 2017. "Fiscal policy and the Ricardian equivalence: Empirical evidence from Morocco," Journal of Economics Library, KSP Journals, vol. 4(3), pages 372-381, September.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Ricardian Equivalence; Granger-causality; Impulse Response Functions. JEL Classification: H3;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H3 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents

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