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Povratak industrije u Srbiju - izme?u želja, mogu?nosti i iluzija

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  • Sofija Adži?

    (Ekonomski fakultet Univerziteta u Novom Sadu)

Abstract

Osnovno obeležje tranzicije u Srbiji je radikalna deindustrijalizacija. Mnoge stare, posebno, izvozne industrije su nestale, a nijedna nova nije stvorena. Proizvodnja i zaposlenost u industriji Srbije 2010. godine je iznosila prema procenama samo oko 36% od predtranzicionog maksimuma ostvarenog 1987/1988. godine. Time je Srbija nakon dve decenije od restauracije kapitalizma i realizacije dva modela (post) socijalisti?ke tranzicije došla u paradoksalnu situaciju da je njen završetak, kao osnovni uslov za uklju?enje u ekonomski i socijalni deo procesa evropskih integracija, više uslovljen nalaženjem rešenja za greške u njenoj operacionalizaciji, nego negativnim nasle?em poslednjeg privrednog modela, zbog koga je, uostalom, i zapo?eta. U ovom okviru, naglasak u radu je na odre?ivanju novog modela razvoja industrije u Srbiji u skladu sa principima operacionalizacije evropskog koncepta endogenog, autopropulsivnog i samoodrživog razvoja u funkciji uklju?enja u proces razvoja novog globalnog proizvodnog sistema, odnosno traženja (najboljih) rešenja za klju?ne izazove rekonfigurisanja sadašnje civilizacije na principima industrijske organizacije, u okviru trougla paradigmi: (1) Obrazovani narod, (2) Razvijena industrija i (3) Moderan društveno-ekonomski sistem. Suština ovog koncepta je traženje efikasnijih rešenja za razvoj znanja i njegovu primenu u rešavanju prakti?nih problema na na?in koji donosi korist inovatoru, a nove vrednosti korisniku. U ekonomskoj ravni, njegova primena se oslanja na reindustrijalizaciju stvaranjem uslova za unapre?enje i umrežavanje sedam faktora – humanog kapitala, produktivnog (proizvodnog) preduzetništva, inovacija, proizvodnje, štednje, privatnog investiranja u realnu privredu i izvoza. U slu?aju Srbije, naglasak u operacionalizaciji ovog koncepta se o?igledno mora zasnivati na unapre?enju produktivnog (proizvodnog) preduzetništva i razvoju dobrog poslovnog okruženja za izvozni biznis. Pri tome, moramo biti svesni da nauka, bar u dominiraju?em shvatanju njene suštine, ne može da razvije metode za uspešno odre?ivanje konkretnog sadržaja industrijske politike za njegovu implementaciju. Time su neka suštinska pitanja formulisanja i realizacije novog modela razvoja industrije u Srbiji prepuštena voluntarizmu (nacionalnih, regionalnih, subregionalnih i lokalnih) politi?ara. U skladu sa tim, problem odre?ivanja dobre (uspešne) industrijske politike je, pre svega, stvar ljudske kreacije, odnosno njegova suština je u razumevanju rizika koji stoji iza svake (javne) odluke. U ovom kontekstu, obra?ena materija je pored uvoda i zaklju?ka podeljena na ?etiri dela. U prvom delu, naglasak je na identifikaciji dimenzija deindustrijalizacije Srbije u periodu od 1990. do 2010. godine. U drugom delu, obra?eni su osnovni društveno-ekonomski uzroci deindustrijalizacije Srbije i njihove implikacije na struktuiranje novog (proizvodnog) modela nacionalnog razvoja. U tre?em delu, dato je vi?enje strategije razvoja industrije u Srbiji u skladu sa konceptom endogenog, autopropulsivnog i samoodrživog razvoja i ciljevima strategije reindustrijalizacije Evropske unije (Lisabonske agende iz marta 2000. godine i njene inovirane i redukovane verzije EVROPA 2020 iz marta/juna 2010. godine). U ?etvrtom delu, težište je na istraživanju modela dobre (uspešne) industrijske politike sa naglaskom na faktorima koji ograni?avaju?e deluju na njenu operacionalizaciju.

Suggested Citation

  • Sofija Adži?, 2011. "Povratak industrije u Srbiju - izme?u želja, mogu?nosti i iluzija," Ekonomija Economics, Rifin d.o.o., vol. 18(2), pages 403-466.
    • Handle: RePEc:eff:ekoeco:v:18:y:2011:i:2:p:403-466
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Srbija; Novi model razvoja industrije; Reindustrijalizacija; Endogeni; autopropulsivni i samoodrživi razvoj; EVROPA 2020; Dobra (uspešna) industrijska politika;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D78 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation
    • O14 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
    • O19 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
    • O21 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy - - - Planning Models; Planning Policy
    • P42 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Other Economic Systems - - - Productive Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices

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