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Jobs/housing balance and employer-based travel demand management program returns to scale: Evidence from Los Angeles

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  • Zhou, Jiangping
  • Wang, Yin
  • Schweitzer, Lisa

Abstract

Research on environmental justice and social inclusion suggests that high-income wage earners may have better job access due to their greater choices in both housing and transportation markets. This study compares the jobs/housing balance and mode choice of different groups of employees of a large employer (27,113 employees) and those of the “reference groups” from comparable employees working for smaller employers in Los Angeles. Based on spatial and statistical analyses, this paper finds the following:

Suggested Citation

  • Zhou, Jiangping & Wang, Yin & Schweitzer, Lisa, 2012. "Jobs/housing balance and employer-based travel demand management program returns to scale: Evidence from Los Angeles," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 22-35.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:trapol:v:20:y:2012:i:c:p:22-35
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2011.11.003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Zhou, Jiangping, 2014. "From better understandings to proactive actions: Housing location and commuting mode choices among university students," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 166-175.
    3. Modarres, Ali, 2013. "Commuting and energy consumption: toward an equitable transportation policy," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 240-249.
    4. Zhao, Pengjun & Zhang, Yixue, 2019. "The effects of metro fare increase on transport equity: New evidence from Beijing," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 73-83.
    5. Zhou, Jiangping, 2012. "Sustainable commute in a car-dominant city: Factors affecting alternative mode choices among university students," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 46(7), pages 1013-1029.
    6. Zheng, Zhong & Zhou, Suhong & Deng, Xingdong, 2021. "Exploring both home-based and work-based jobs-housing balance by distance decay effect," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    7. An, Rui & Tong, Zhaomin & Tan, Bo & Xiong, Qiangqiang & Luo, Yuanyuan & Liu, Yaolin & Yang, Linchuan & Yang, Xiping, 2025. "Revealing the relationship between 2D/3D built environment and jobs-housing separation coupling nonlinearity and spatial nonstationarity," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    8. Saad AlQuhtani, 2022. "Ridesharing as a Potential Sustainable Transportation Alternative in Suburban Universities: The Case of Najran University, Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-18, April.
    9. Saadi, Ismaïl & Boussauw, Kobe & Teller, Jacques & Cools, Mario, 2016. "Trends in regional jobs-housing proximity based on the minimum commute: The case of Belgium," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 171-183.
    10. Ko, Joonho & Kim, Daejin, 2017. "Employer-based travel demand management program: Employer’s choice and effectiveness," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 1-9.
    11. Amanda Davies, 2021. "COVID-19 and ICT-Supported Remote Working: Opportunities for Rural Economies," World, MDPI, vol. 2(1), pages 1-14, March.
    12. Chen, Peng & Yang, Xiankui, 2023. "Revisit employer-based travel demand management: A longitudinal analysis," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 22-31.

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