Studying older adults’ willingness to relocate and change transport mode with the random bivariate generalized ordered probit

Older adults are more likely to resist changing their transport modes due to the cumulative effects of their lifestyle. However, a suitable residential location may more effectively alter their transport mode preferences. This study uses a stated preference survey to illustrate how relocation to a well-suited residential environment, such as social housing, influences the willingness to stop motorcycling in a motorcycle-dominated region of Taiwan. Additionally, this study proposes a conceptual framework comprising relevant accessibility attributes, housing characteristics, transport mode choices, and psychological factors to investigate the willingness of older adults to simultaneously change their residential location and main transport mode. A random bivariate generalized ordered probit model, incorporating psychometric variables (i.e., attitudes and depression), is applied to this conceptual framework. The findings suggest that an acceptable relocation location for older adults would involve traveling by motorcycle for approximately 20 min from their old residences and around 30 min to the new place of activity. There is a clear link between the willingness to relocate and the decision to stop motorcycling. This implies that government-planned social housing, which is inclusive of older adult relocation, should pay more attention to surrounding facilities and amenities. This can increase the willingness of older adults to move, as this study has demonstrated that aging care must jointly consider both the living environment and transportation options to prevent social isolation.