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Generative artificial intelligence and internationalization green innovation: Roles of supply chain innovations and AI regulation for SMEs

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  • Wang, Shaofeng
  • Zhang, Hao

Abstract

This study investigates how generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) impacts internationalization green innovation performance in cross-border e-commerce small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Drawing on the resource-based view, we employed a mixed-methods approach, including partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), importance-performance map analysis (IPMA), fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), and semi-structured interviews with 377 cross-border e-commerce SMEs. Our findings reveal that GenAI capability positively influences internationalization green innovation performance, both directly and indirectly, through supply chain exploratory and exploitative innovation. Notably, artificial intelligence (AI) regulation strengthens, rather than weakens, the positive relationship between GenAI capability and supply chain innovation. This highlights the potential for responsible AI governance to foster sustainable practices. The study contributes to understanding technology's role in societal transformation by illuminating how GenAI can promote sustainable business practices in internationalization contexts. Our findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and business leaders on effectively managing the societal implications of AI adoption while pursuing sustainability goals.

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  • Wang, Shaofeng & Zhang, Hao, 2025. "Generative artificial intelligence and internationalization green innovation: Roles of supply chain innovations and AI regulation for SMEs," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:teinso:v:82:y:2025:i:c:s0160791x25000880
    DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.102898
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    7. Drydakis, Nick, 2026. "Artificial Intelligence Capital and Business Innovation," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1723, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
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