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Status inconsistency and mental health: A random effects and instrumental variables analysis using 14 annual waves of cohort data

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  • Milner, Allison
  • Aitken, Zoe
  • Kavanagh, Anne
  • LaMontagne, Anthony D.
  • Petrie, Dennis

Abstract

Status inconsistency refers to a discrepancy between the position a person holds in one domain of their social environment comparative to their position in another domain. For example, the experience of being overeducated for a job, or not using your skills in your job. We sought to assess the relationship between status inconsistency and mental health using 14 annual waves of cohort data. We used two approaches to measuring status inconsistency: 1) being overeducated for your job (objective measure); and b) not using your skills in your job (subjective measure). We implemented a number of methodological approaches to assess the robustness of our findings, including instrumental variable, random effects, and fixed effects analysis. Mental health was assessed using the Mental Health Inventory-5. The random effects analysis indicates that only the subjective measure of status inconsistency was associated with a slight decrease in mental health (β−1.57, 95% −1.78 to −1.36, p < 0.001). This size of these coefficients was maintained in the instrumental variable analysis. We suggest that status inconsistency might explain some of the relationship between social determinants (such as work and education) and health outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Milner, Allison & Aitken, Zoe & Kavanagh, Anne & LaMontagne, Anthony D. & Petrie, Dennis, 2017. "Status inconsistency and mental health: A random effects and instrumental variables analysis using 14 annual waves of cohort data," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 129-137.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:189:y:2017:i:c:p:129-137
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.08.001
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jones, Melanie K & Mavromaras, Kostas & Sloane, Peter J & Wei, Zhang (NILS), 2011. "NILS Working paper no 176. Disability and job mismatches in the Australian labour market," NILS Working Papers 26074, National Institute of Labour Studies.
    2. Allen, Jim & van der Velden, Rolf, 2001. "Educational Mismatches versus Skill Mismatches: Effects on Wages, Job Satisfaction, and On-the-Job Search," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 53(3), pages 434-452, July.
    3. Jones, Melanie K. & Mavromaras, Kostas & Sloane, Peter J. & Wei, Zhang, 2011. "Disability and Job Mismatches in the Australian Labour Market," IZA Discussion Papers 6152, IZA Network @ LISER.
    4. Mackenbach, Johan P. & Kulhánová, Ivana & Bopp, Matthias & Deboosere, Patrick & Eikemo, Terje A. & Hoffmann, Rasmus & Kulik, Margarete C. & Leinsalu, Mall & Martikainen, Pekka & Menvielle, Gwenn & Reg, 2015. "Variations in the relation between education and cause-specific mortality in 19 European populations: A test of the “fundamental causes” theory of social inequalities in health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 51-62.
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    6. Glenda Quintini, 2011. "Over-Qualified or Under-Skilled: A Review of Existing Literature," OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers 121, OECD Publishing.
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    1. Song, Kyungeun & Lee, Min-Ah & Kim, Jinho, 2024. "Double jeopardy: Exploring the moderating effect of educational mismatch in the relationship between work-family conflict and depressive symptoms among Korean working women," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    2. Hyunseo Rim & Jinho Kim, 2023. "Status Inconsistency, Gender, and Health in Korean Young Adults: Separating Educational and Skill Mismatch," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 170(3), pages 1141-1153, December.
    3. Víctor M. Montuenga & Inmaculada García-Mainar, 2025. "Overeducation and Mental Health in Spain," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 180(1), pages 549-568, October.
    4. Silvana Robone, 2025. "Gender-Specific Analysis of Self-Reported Health and Educational Mismatch: Evidence from Employees in Russia," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 177(2), pages 763-786, March.
    5. Xiaomin Liu & Steven J. Bowe & Allison Milner & Lin Li & Lay San Too & Anthony D. LaMontagne, 2019. "Job Insecurity: A Comparative Analysis between Migrant and Native Workers in Australia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-14, October.

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