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Evolution of microgrids

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  • Bo, Yaolong
  • Liu, Kejia
  • Xia, Yanghong
  • Wei, Wei

Abstract

The evolution of microgrids marks a significant transformation in modern power systems, shifting from small-scale residential networks to complex, large-scale energy infrastructure. While previous reviews have primarily concentrated on the structural and control aspects of microgrids, there has been limited exploration of their broader impact on the entire power system and global energy framework. This paper provides an in-depth examination of microgrid evolution over the past fifty years, focusing on advancements in physical infrastructure and control strategies. It highlights the critical roles microgrids play in enhancing resilience against extreme weather events, promoting energy equity by ensuring reliable power access in underserved areas, and contributing to space exploration by supporting autonomous energy systems in space habitats. Moreover, the paper projects the future trajectory of microgrid technologies, emphasizing the increasing complexity and intelligence of these systems. It also discusses the challenges and scientific questions that must be tackled as microgrids continue to evolve, including issues related to scalability, integration with renewable energy sources, and the optimization of energy management in increasingly dynamic and decentralized environments.

Suggested Citation

  • Bo, Yaolong & Liu, Kejia & Xia, Yanghong & Wei, Wei, 2026. "Evolution of microgrids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:228:y:2026:i:c:s1364032125012754
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.116602
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