Energy resilience in the built environment: A comprehensive review of concepts, metrics, and strategies

Climate change and its associated extreme weather events pose significant challenges to the built environments, escalating the urgency for improving energy resilience. This study contributes to a systematic understanding of energy resilience in the built environment by addressing four key areas: defining energy resilience, understanding relevant disruptions, quantifying resilience considering all phases, and improving overall resilience. First, this study shows that a universal definition of energy resilience in the built environment is lacking in literature and propose a comprehensive definition that encompasses the resilience's attributes (i.e., vulnerability, resistance, robustness, and recoverability). This study then classifies different types of disruptions that energy resilience seeks to be addressed, with heat wave and component failure events as the most frequently analyzed. Moreover, this study exploits quantitative metrics in five dimensions—Occupants' Metrics, Grid Metrics, Infrastructure Metrics, Economic Metrics, and Hybrid Metrics—used to evaluate energy resilience, while emphasizing the significance of context-specific resilience metrics. Finally, the study reveals gaps for handling resilience in building design/sizing methods and presents resilience enhancement strategies, including design, retrofit, predictive control, and microgrid. For demonstration, this study proposes a framework for assessing and improving building energy resilience, including stakeholder identification, assessing resilience using key performance indicators, determining the scope of resilience, defining events, and exploring improvement solutions.