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Esterification and transesterification over SrO–ZnO/Al2O3 as a novel bifunctional catalyst for biodiesel production

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  • Al-Saadi, Ali
  • Mathan, Bobby
  • He, Yinghe

Abstract

A series of novel bifunctional catalysts (SrO–ZnO/Al2O3) have been synthesised via the wet impregnation method for biodiesel production. The basic and acidic activities of the prepared catalysts were investigated using corn oil and oleic acid, respectively. Physio-chemical characteristics of the synthesised catalysts were analysed by XRD, SEM-EDS, TGA-DSC, and FT-IR. 1H NMR was used for analysing the fatty acid ethyl ester and the free fatty acid. The catalyst exhibited higher catalytic activity in transesterification reaction, with 95.1% reaction conversion at operating conditions of 10:1 ethanol to corn oil molar ratio, 10 wt% catalyst loading, and 180 min at 70 °C. However, the conversion for esterification reaction was 71.4% at operating conditions 5:1 ethanol to corn oil molar ratio, 10 wt% catalyst loading, 6 h reaction time at 70 °C reaction temperature. The kinetic studies revealed that the transesterification and esterification reactions have good agreement with the first-order model.

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  • Al-Saadi, Ali & Mathan, Bobby & He, Yinghe, 2020. "Esterification and transesterification over SrO–ZnO/Al2O3 as a novel bifunctional catalyst for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 388-399.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:158:y:2020:i:c:p:388-399
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.05.171
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    2. Ebadinezhad, Behzad & Haghighi, Mohammad & Zeinalzadeh, Hossein, 2021. "Influence of carbon casting loading and ultrasound irradiation on catalytic design of Al–Si–P zeotype nanostructure for biofuel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 290-307.
    3. de Freitas, Flávio A. & Mendonça, Igor R.S. & Barros, Silma de S. & Pessoa Jr., Wanison G.A. & Sá, Ingrity S.C. & Gato, Larissa B. & Silva, Edson P. & Farias, Marco A.S. & Nobre, Francisco X. & Maia, , 2022. "Biodiesel production from tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum Meyer) almond oil applying the electrolytic paste of spent batteries as a catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 919-931.
    4. Echaroj, Snunkhaem & Santikunaporn, Malee & Phan, Anh N., 2023. "Supercritical ethanol liquefaction of bamboo leaves using functionalized reduced graphene oxides for high quality bio-oil production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 848-857.

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