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Biodiesel production from high acid value oils with a highly active and stable bifunctional magnetic acid

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  • Wang, Yi-Tong
  • Fang, Zhen
  • Yang, Xing-Xia

Abstract

Biodiesel production was catalyzed by a novel magnetic carbonaceous acid (Zr-CMC-SO3H@3Fe-C400) with both Brønsted and Lewis sites synthesized by a four-step method: (i) metal (Fe) ion chelation, (ii) calcination, (iii) metal (Zr) ion chelation and embedding, and (iv) sulfonation. It catalyzed the esterification of oleic acid with 97% biodiesel yield, transesterification of high acid value (AV) soybean oil with 95% biodiesel yield, and pretreatment of Jatropha oil with AV reduced from 17.2 to 0.7mg KOH/g. Biodiesel yields (>90%) at 90°C for 4h reaction time were obtained for ten cycles by easy magnetic separation which showed potential practical applications in the field of green production. The synthesized catalyst was characterized with elemental analysis, XRD, ICP-OES, FT-IR, BET, VSM, SEM-EDX, HRTEM, TG-DSC and Boehm titration.

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  • Wang, Yi-Tong & Fang, Zhen & Yang, Xing-Xia, 2017. "Biodiesel production from high acid value oils with a highly active and stable bifunctional magnetic acid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 702-714.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:204:y:2017:i:c:p:702-714
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.07.060
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    15. Zhang, Heng & Li, Hu & Pan, Hu & Wang, Anping & Souzanchi, Sadra & Xu, Chunbao (Charles) & Yang, Song, 2018. "Magnetically recyclable acidic polymeric ionic liquids decorated with hydrophobic regulators as highly efficient and stable catalysts for biodiesel production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 416-429.
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