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Steel all over the world: Estimating in-use stocks of iron for 200 countries

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  • Pauliuk, Stefan
  • Wang, Tao
  • Müller, Daniel B.

Abstract

Industrialization and urbanization in the developing world have boosted steel demand during the recent two decades. Reliable estimates on how much steel is required for high economic development are necessary to better understand the future challenges for employment, resource management, capacity planning, and climate change mitigation within the steel sector. During their use phase, steel-containing products provide service to people, and the size of the in-use stock of steel can serve as an indicator of the total service level. We apply dynamic material flow analysis to estimate in-use stocks of steel in about 200 countries and identify patterns of how stocks evolve over time. Three different models of the steel cycle are applied and a full uncertainty analysis is conducted to obtain reliable stock estimates for the period 1700–2008.

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  • Pauliuk, Stefan & Wang, Tao & Müller, Daniel B., 2013. "Steel all over the world: Estimating in-use stocks of iron for 200 countries," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 22-30.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:recore:v:71:y:2013:i:c:p:22-30
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.11.008
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    Cited by:

    1. Vivien Fisch-Romito, 2021. "Embodied carbon dioxide emissions to provide high access levels to basic infrastructure around the world," Post-Print hal-03353919, HAL.
    2. Jan Streeck & Stefan Pauliuk & Hanspeter Wieland & Dominik Wiedenhofer, 2023. "A review of methods to trace material flows into final products in dynamic material flow analysis: From industry shipments in physical units to monetary input–output tables, Part 1," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 27(2), pages 436-456, April.
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    5. Dai, Tiejun & Yue, Zhongchun, 2023. "The evolution and decoupling of in-use stocks in Beijing," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    6. Cao, Zhi & Shen, Lei & Liu, Litao & Zhao, Jianan & Zhong, Shuai & Kong, Hanxiao & Sun, Yanzhi, 2017. "Estimating the in-use cement stock in China: 1920–2013," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 21-31.
    7. Lefeuvre, Anaële & Garnier, Sébastien & Jacquemin, Leslie & Pillain, Baptiste & Sonnemann, Guido, 2017. "Anticipating in-use stocks of carbon fiber reinforced polymers and related waste flows generated by the commercial aeronautical sector until 2050," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 264-272.
    8. Kermeli, Katerina & Edelenbosch, Oreane Y. & Crijns-Graus, Wina & van Ruijven, Bas J. & van Vuuren, Detlef P. & Worrell, Ernst, 2022. "Improving material projections in Integrated Assessment Models: The use of a stock-based versus a flow-based approach for the iron and steel industry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PE).
    9. Wang, Peng & Li, Wen & Kara, Sami, 2017. "Cradle-to-cradle modeling of the future steel flow in China," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 117(PA), pages 45-57.
    10. Le Boulzec, Hugo & Delannoy, Louis & Andrieu, Baptiste & Verzier, François & Vidal, Olivier & Mathy, Sandrine, 2022. "Dynamic modeling of global fossil fuel infrastructure and materials needs: Overcoming a lack of available data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    11. Ciacci, L. & Passarini, F. & Vassura, I., 2017. "The European PVC cycle: In-use stock and flows," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 108-116.
    12. Jan Kovanda, 2021. "Economy‐wide material system analysis: Mapping material flows through the economy," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 25(5), pages 1121-1135, October.
    13. Mathieu, Valentin & Roda, Jean-Marc, 2023. "A meta-analysis on wood trade flow modeling concepts," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    14. Yoshida, Keisuke & Fishman, Tomer & Okuoka, Keijiro & Tanikawa, Hiroki, 2017. "Material stock's overburden: Automatic spatial detection and estimation of domestic extraction and hidden material flows," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 165-175.
    15. Wang, Peng & Jiang, Zeyi & Geng, Xinyi & Hao, Shiyu & Zhang, Xinxin, 2014. "Quantification of Chinese steel cycle flow: Historical status and future options," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 191-199.
    16. Serrenho, André Cabrera & Mourão, Zenaida Sobral & Norman, Jonathan & Cullen, Jonathan M. & Allwood, Julian M., 2016. "The influence of UK emissions reduction targets on the emissions of the global steel industry," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 174-184.
    17. Gauffin, Alicia & Andersson, Nils Å.I. & Storm, Per & Tilliander, Anders & Jönsson, Pär G., 2017. "Time-varying losses in material flows of steel using dynamic material flow models," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 70-83.
    18. Wang, Peng & Zhao, Shen & Dai, Tao & Peng, Kun & Zhang, Qi & Li, Jiashuo & Chen, Wei-Qiang, 2022. "Regional disparities in steel production and restrictions to progress on global decarbonization: A cross-national analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    19. Kaixin Huang & Matthew J. Eckelman, 2022. "Appending material flows to the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) for projecting the physical economy of the United States," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 26(1), pages 294-308, February.
    20. Lin, Chen & Liu, Gang & Müller, Daniel B., 2017. "Characterizing the role of built environment stocks in human development and emission growth," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 67-72.
    21. Kullmann, Felix & Markewitz, Peter & Kotzur, Leander & Stolten, Detlef, 2022. "The value of recycling for low-carbon energy systems - A case study of Germany's energy transition," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    22. Jan Streeck & Hanspeter Wieland & Stefan Pauliuk & Barbara Plank & Kenichi Nakajima & Dominik Wiedenhofer, 2023. "A review of methods to trace material flows into final products in dynamic material flow analysis: Comparative application of six methods to the United States and EXIOBASE3 regions, Part 2," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 27(2), pages 457-475, April.

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