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Metal capital sustaining a North American city: Iron and copper in New Haven, CT

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  • Drakonakis, Konstantine
  • Rostkowski, Katherine
  • Rauch, Jason
  • Graedel, T.E.
  • Gordon, R.B.

Abstract

A detailed inventory shows that an average resident of the City of New Haven depends on a per capita capital stock of 9200kg/c of iron and 144kg/c of copper in the city infrastructure, buildings, transportation systems, and equipment. Of the iron stock 28% is in items such as rail cars and ships in ocean trade not permanently within the city, and 22% is devoted to receiving and delivering oil fuel to the city and its surrounding communities. Copper is principally used in the distribution of electric power and in water piping within buildings. The city's 9200kg/c of iron stock-in-use is less than the 13,000kg/c national average due to New Haven's lack of heavy industry and relatively small number of large buildings. The 144kg/c of copper stock-in-use is only 58% of the overall value for the United States, but is comparable to that in cities such as Stockholm, Sweden. Attainment of a level of iron and copper services with contemporary technology in less developed countries to the level enjoyed in New Haven would require consumption of the presently identified world copper resources.

Suggested Citation

  • Drakonakis, Konstantine & Rostkowski, Katherine & Rauch, Jason & Graedel, T.E. & Gordon, R.B., 2007. "Metal capital sustaining a North American city: Iron and copper in New Haven, CT," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 49(4), pages 406-420.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:recore:v:49:y:2007:i:4:p:406-420
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2006.05.005
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Spatari, S. & Bertram, M. & Gordon, Robert B. & Henderson, K. & Graedel, T.E., 2005. "Twentieth century copper stocks and flows in North America: A dynamic analysis," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(1), pages 37-51, July.
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    1. Zhang, Ling & Cai, Zhijian & Yang, Jiameng & Chen, Yan & Yuan, Zengwei, 2014. "Quantification and spatial characterization of in-use copper stocks in Shanghai," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 134-143.
    2. Wallsten, Björn & Magnusson, Dick & Andersson, Simon & Krook, Joakim, 2015. "The economic conditions for urban infrastructure mining: Using GIS to prospect hibernating copper stocks," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 85-97.
    3. Yue, Qiang & Chai, Xicui & Zhao, Feng & He, Junhao & Li, Yun & Wang, Heming, 2023. "Analysis of iron in-use stocks: Evidence from the provincial and municipal levels in China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    4. Takahashi, Kazue Ichino & Terakado, Ryutaro & Nakamura, Jiro & Adachi, Yoshihiro & Elvidge, Christopher D. & Matsuno, Yasunari, 2010. "In-use stock analysis using satellite nighttime light observation data," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 55(2), pages 196-200.
    5. Dai, Tiejun & Yue, Zhongchun, 2023. "The evolution and decoupling of in-use stocks in Beijing," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    6. Moynihan, Muiris C. & Allwood, Julian M., 2012. "The flow of steel into the construction sector," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 88-95.
    7. Pauliuk, Stefan & Wang, Tao & Müller, Daniel B., 2013. "Steel all over the world: Estimating in-use stocks of iron for 200 countries," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 22-30.
    8. Recalde, Korinti & Wang, Jinlong & Graedel, T.E., 2008. "Aluminium in-use stocks in the state of Connecticut," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 52(11), pages 1271-1282.

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