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A smart mobility game with blockchain and hardware oracles

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  • Maleki Vishkaei, Behzad
  • De Giovanni, Pietro

Abstract

This research examines smart mobility, specifically focusing on e-scooters as a mode of urban transportation. It underscores the advantages of e-scooters in smart cities while also addressing the issues stemming from incorrect riding practices. To understand the strategies of both cities and e-scooter companies, the study adopts a game theory approach. The research delves into how blockchain technology and hardware oracles can promote the appropriate use of e-scooters. In one scenario, the city allocates resources to infrastructure to facilitate e-scooter travel, while the e-scooter company defines its service. Nonetheless, continuous misuse of e-scooters negatively impacts both parties. Therefore, in another scenario, the research assesses how blockchain can detect and penalize incorrect behaviors using smart contracts. The findings reveal that while blockchain bolsters smart mobility and curbs the incorrect use of e-scooters, it might also dissuade certain users from utilizing the service, presenting a set of challenges to smart mobility.

Suggested Citation

  • Maleki Vishkaei, Behzad & De Giovanni, Pietro, 2025. "A smart mobility game with blockchain and hardware oracles," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:proeco:v:282:y:2025:i:c:s0925527325000180
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109533
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