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Impact of gender equality on forest protection: Role of economic, social, political and energy factors

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  • Zhu, Xiaojiao
  • Yang, Haochang

Abstract

We empirically examined the impact of gender equality on forest protection using data for 151 countries from 2000 to 2023 via panel estimation. The results supported that gender equality usually associates with more forest protection, which is reliable while we conducted regression by changing estimations, employing measurements of forest protection and gender equality. In addition, this positive impact is weakened by industrial structure, income inequality, governmental spending, while it is stronger among OECD countries. Moreover, the positive impact of gender equality on forest protection is weaker among right-wing governments and countries with political corruption, while it is strengthened by governmental effectiveness, political stability and regulatory quality. Finally, growing disasters such as epidemics and wet mass movement would reduce gender equality’s positive impact on forest protection, while renewable energy consumption would benefit for it. Our conclusions offered several policy implications for governments to promote forest protection.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhu, Xiaojiao & Yang, Haochang, 2026. "Impact of gender equality on forest protection: Role of economic, social, political and energy factors," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:lauspo:v:169:y:2026:i:c:s0264837726002322
    DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2026.108148
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    JEL classification:

    • H11 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government - - - Structure and Scope of Government
    • P48 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Other Economic Systems - - - Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional Studies
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming

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