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On the determinants of exporters' currency pricing: History vs. expectations

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  • Fukuda, Shin-ichi
  • Ono, Masanori

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to investigate why the choice of invoice currency under exchange rate uncertainty depends not only on expectations but also on history. The analysis is motivated by the fact that the U.S. dollar has historically been the dominant vehicle currency in developing countries. The theoretical analysis is based on an open economy model of monopolistic competition. When the market is competitive enough, the exporting firms tend to set their prices not to deviate from those of the competitors. As a result, a coordination failure can lead the third currency to be a less efficient equilibrium invoice currency. The role of expectations is important in selecting the equilibrium in the static framework. However, in the dynamic model with staggered price-setting, the role of history becomes another key determinant of the equilibrium currency pricing. The role of history may dominate the role of expectations when the firms are myopic, particularly in the competitive local market. It also becomes dominant in the staggered price setting when a small fraction of the new price setters are backward-looking. The result suggests the importance of history in explaining why the firm tends to choose the US dollar as vehicle currency.
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  • Fukuda, Shin-ichi & Ono, Masanori, 2006. "On the determinants of exporters' currency pricing: History vs. expectations," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 20(4), pages 548-568, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:jjieco:v:20:y:2006:i:4:p:548-568
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    4. Straume, Hans-Martin, 2013. "Currency invoicing in Norwegian salmon export," Working Papers in Economics 11/13, University of Bergen, Department of Economics.
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    6. Etsuro Shioji, 2006. "Chinese Exchange Rate Regimes and the Optimal Basket Weights for the Rest of East Asia," Discussion papers 06024, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    7. Mark David Witte, 2010. "Currency Invoicing: The Role of 'Herding' and Exchange Rate Volatility," International Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(3), pages 357-374.
    8. Anand Sinha, 2012. "Financial Sector Regulation and Implications for Growth," BIS Papers chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), Financial sector regulation for growth, equity and stability, volume 62, pages 45-84, Bank for International Settlements.
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    10. Xiangyun Xu & Peng Guo, 2012. "Exchange rate appreciation expectation, importer's behavior and choice of invoicing currency," China Finance Review International, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 2(3), pages 231-245, June.
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    JEL classification:

    • F12 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation
    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange
    • F33 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions

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