IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jiaata/v53y2023ics1061951823000575.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Asymmetric cost behavior: Theory, meta-analysis, and implications

Author

Listed:
  • Naoum, Vasilios-Christos
  • Ntounis, Dimitrios
  • Papanastasopoulos, Georgios
  • Vlismas, Orestes

Abstract

Asymmetric cost behavior is an emerging and dynamic research area within the context of contemporary cost management research. This study systematically reviews asymmetric cost behavior research published in ABS-ranked journals (53 English-speaking journals) between 2003 and 2020. Additionally, we provide a review of the econometric models and instruments employed in empirical asymmetric cost behavior research and a meta-analysis of prior empirical evidence for the main determinants of the direction and intensity of the asymmetric cost behavior phenomenon. Several research streams are recognized within two major themes of cost asymmetry empirical research: (i) determinants of the asymmetric cost behavior phenomenon, and (ii) cost asymmetry as a determinant of earnings behavior, earnings prediction, and other microeconomic and macroeconomic phenomena. Each major component of our review is accompanied by critical analysis and suggestions for future research. Meta-analysis of the existing body of cost asymmetry studies reveals no publication bias but increasing heterogeneity within existing empirical evidence for cost asymmetry.

Suggested Citation

  • Naoum, Vasilios-Christos & Ntounis, Dimitrios & Papanastasopoulos, Georgios & Vlismas, Orestes, 2023. "Asymmetric cost behavior: Theory, meta-analysis, and implications," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:jiaata:v:53:y:2023:i:c:s1061951823000575
    DOI: 10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2023.100578
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1061951823000575
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2023.100578?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stanley, T.D. & Doucouliagos, Chris & Jarrell, Stephen B., 2008. "Meta-regression analysis as the socio-economics of economics research," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 276-292, February.
    2. Joonhei Cheung & Hyunpyo Kim & Seungjun Kim & Rong Huang, 2018. "Is the asymmetric cost behavior affected by competition factors?," Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(1-2), pages 218-234, January.
    3. Itay Kama & Dan Weiss, 2013. "Do Earnings Targets and Managerial Incentives Affect Sticky Costs?," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(1), pages 201-224, March.
    4. Bradley Pomeroy & Daniel Thornton, 2008. "Meta-analysis and the Accounting Literature: The Case of Audit Committee Independence and Financial Reporting Quality," European Accounting Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(2), pages 305-330.
    5. Ahsan Habib, 2013. "A meta‐analysis of the determinants of modified audit opinion decisions," Managerial Auditing Journal, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 28(3), pages 184-216, March.
    6. Xiaotao (Kelvin) Liu & Xiaoxia Liu & Colin D. Reid, 2019. "Stakeholder Orientations and Cost Management," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(1), pages 486-512, March.
    7. Ahsan Habib, 2012. "Non-Audit Service Fees and Financial Reporting Quality: A Meta-Analysis," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 48(2), pages 214-248, June.
    8. James N Cannon & Bingbing Hu & Jay Junghun Lee & Daoguang Yang, 2020. "The effect of international takeover laws on corporate resource adjustments: Market discipline and/or managerial myopia?," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 51(9), pages 1443-1477, December.
    9. David C. Hay & W. Robert Knechel & Norman Wong, 2006. "Audit Fees: A Meta†analysis of the Effect of Supply and Demand Attributes," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 23(1), pages 141-191, March.
    10. Khlif, Hichem & Chalmers, Keryn, 2015. "A review of meta-analytic research in accounting," Journal of Accounting Literature, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 1-27.
    11. Anderson, Mark & Asdemir, Ozer & Tripathy, Arindam, 2013. "Use of precedent and antecedent information in strategic cost management," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 66(5), pages 643-650.
    12. Meiting Lu & Yaowen Shan & Sue Wright & Yimeng Yu, 2020. "Operating cash flow asymmetric timeliness in Australia," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 60(S1), pages 587-627, April.
    13. Hichem Khlif & Keryn Chalmers, 2015. "A review of meta-analytic research in accounting," Journal of Accounting Literature, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 35(1), pages 1-27, October.
    14. Alexander Brüggen & Jens Zehnder, 2014. "SG&A cost stickiness and equity-based executive compensation: does empire building matter?," Mathematical Methods of Operations Research, Springer;Gesellschaft für Operations Research (GOR);Nederlands Genootschap voor Besliskunde (NGB), vol. 25(3), pages 169-192, December.
    15. Jason V. Chen & Itay Kama & Reuven Lehavy, 2019. "A contextual analysis of the impact of managerial expectations on asymmetric cost behavior," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 665-693, June.
    16. Wei Huang & Jaehyeon Kim, 2020. "Linguistically Induced Time Perception and Asymmetric Cost Behavior," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 60(5), pages 755-785, October.
    17. T. D. Stanley & Stephen B. Jarrell, 2005. "Meta‐Regression Analysis: A Quantitative Method of Literature Surveys," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 19(3), pages 299-308, July.
    18. Christian Kuiate & Thomas R. Noland, 2019. "Attracting and retaining core competency: a focus on cost stickiness," Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 15(4), pages 678-700, November.
    19. Shangkun Liang & Dong Chen & Xiaoli Hu, 2014. "External auditor types and the cost stickiness of listed companies," China Journal of Accounting Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 2(4), pages 294-322, October.
    20. Liu, Xiaoyu & Vredenburg, Harrie & Steel, Piers, 2014. "A Meta-analysis of Factors Leading to Management Control in International Joint Ventures," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 20(2), pages 219-236.
    21. Hui Ding & Xiaoyan Lu & Ying Zheng, 2019. "Globalization and firm‐level cost structure," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(4), pages 1040-1062, September.
    22. Charl de Villiers & David Hay & Zhizi (Janice) Zhang, 2014. "Audit fee stickiness," Managerial Auditing Journal, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 29(1), pages 2-26, January.
    23. David Aboody & Shai Levi & Dan Weiss, 2018. "Managerial incentives, options, and cost-structure choices," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 23(2), pages 422-451, June.
    24. Namitha, Chakkappanthodiyil & Shijin, Santhakumar, 2016. "Managerial discretion and agency cost in Indian market," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 159-169.
    25. Kun Wang & Greg Shailer, 2015. "Ownership Concentration And Firm Performance In Emerging Markets: A Meta-Analysis," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(2), pages 199-229, April.
    26. María Inés Stimolo & Marcela Porporato, 2020. "How different cost behaviour is in emerging economies? Evidence from Argentina," Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 10(1), pages 21-47, January.
    27. Mahdi Salehi & Nasrin Ziba & Ali Daemi Gah, 2018. "The relationship between cost stickiness and financial reporting quality in Tehran Stock Exchange," International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 67(9), pages 1550-1565, November.
    28. Nicola Dalla Via & Paolo Perego & Steven Cahan, 2014. "Sticky cost behaviour: evidence from small and medium sized companies," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 54(3), pages 753-778, September.
    29. Sandra Cohen & Sotirios Karatzimas & Vassilios-Christos Naoum, 2017. "The sticky cost phenomenon at the local government level: empirical evidence from Greece," Journal of Applied Accounting Research, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 18(4), pages 445-463, November.
    30. Henrik Höglund & Dennis Sundvik, 2019. "Do auditors constrain intertemporal income shifting in private companies?," Accounting and Business Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(3), pages 245-270, April.
    31. David M. Harrison & Christine A. Panasian & Michael J. Seiler, 2011. "Further Evidence on the Capital Structure of REITs," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 39(1), pages 133-166, March.
    32. Ahsan Habib, 2013. "A meta-analysis of the determinants of modified audit opinion decisions," Managerial Auditing Journal, Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 28(3), pages 184-216, March.
    33. Awad Elsayed Awad Ibrahim & Amr Nazieh Ezat, 2017. "Sticky cost behavior: evidence from Egypt," Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 7(1), pages 16-34, February.
    34. Ramji Balakrishnan & Thomas S. Gruca, 2008. "Cost Stickiness and Core Competency: A Note," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 25(4), pages 993-1006, December.
    35. Martin Bugeja & Meiting Lu & Yaowen Shan, 2015. "Cost Stickiness in Australia: Characteristics and Determinants," Australian Accounting Review, CPA Australia, vol. 25(3), pages 248-261, September.
    36. Daecheon Yang, 2015. "Mergers, CEO Hubris, and Cost Stickiness," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(S5), pages 46-63, September.
    37. Ben-Nasr, Hamdi & Alshwer, Abdullah A., 2016. "Does stock price informativeness affect labor investment efficiency?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 249-271.
    38. Klaus Derfuss, 2009. "The Relationship of Budgetary Participation and Reliance on Accounting Performance Measures with Individual-Level Consequent Variables: A Meta-Analysis," European Accounting Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(2), pages 203-239.
    39. Yiru Yang, 2019. "Do Accruals Earnings Management Constraints and Intellectual Capital Efficiency Trigger Asymmetric Cost Behaviour? Evidence from Australia," Australian Accounting Review, CPA Australia, vol. 29(1), pages 177-192, March.
    40. Kerstin Lopatta & Thomas Kaspereit & Laura‐Maria Gastone, 2020. "Managerial style in cost asymmetry and shareholder value," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 41(5), pages 800-826, July.
    41. Woo‐Jong Lee & Jeffrey Pittman & Walid Saffar, 2020. "Political Uncertainty and Cost Stickiness: Evidence from National Elections around the World," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(2), pages 1107-1139, June.
    42. Mark C. Anderson & Rajiv D. Banker & Surya N. Janakiraman, 2003. "Are Selling, General, and Administrative Costs “Sticky”?," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(1), pages 47-63, March.
    43. Thomas R. Loy & Sven Hartlieb, 2018. "Have estimates of cost stickiness changed across listing cohorts?," Journal of Management Control: Zeitschrift für Planung und Unternehmenssteuerung, Springer, vol. 29(2), pages 161-181, August.
    44. Sven Hartlieb & Thomas R. Loy & Brigitte Eierle, 2020. "The Effect of Generalized Trust on Cost Stickiness: Cross-Country Evidence," The International Journal of Accounting (TIJA), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 55(04), pages 1-37, December.
    45. Clara Xiaoling Chen & Hai Lu & Theodore Sougiannis, 2012. "The Agency Problem, Corporate Governance, and the Asymmetrical Behavior of Selling, General, and Administrative Costs," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(1), pages 252-282, March.
    46. repec:eme:maj000:02686901311304349 is not listed on IDEAS
    47. Mohsen Souissi & Hichem Khlif, 2012. "Meta‐analytic review of disclosure level and cost of equity capital," International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 20(1), pages 49-62, February.
    48. Shohei Nagasawa, 2018. "Asymmetric cost behavior in local public enterprises: exploring the public interest and striving for efficiency," Journal of Management Control: Zeitschrift für Planung und Unternehmenssteuerung, Springer, vol. 29(3), pages 225-273, December.
    49. repec:eme:jal000:j.acclit.2015.09.001 is not listed on IDEAS
    50. Banker, Rajiv D. & Basu, Sudipta & Byzalov, Dmitri & Chen, Janice Y.S., 2016. "The confounding effect of cost stickiness on conservatism estimates," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(1), pages 203-220.
    51. Haga, Jesper & Höglund, Henrik & Sundvik, Dennis, 2019. "Cost behavior around corporate tax rate cuts," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 1-11.
    52. Figen Gunes Dogan, 2016. "Non†cancellable Operating Leases and Operating Leverage," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 22(4), pages 576-612, September.
    53. Banker, Rajiv D. & Byzalov, Dmitri & Chen, Lei (Tony), 2013. "Employment protection legislation, adjustment costs and cross-country differences in cost behavior," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(1), pages 111-127.
    54. TsingZai C. Wu & Chaur-Shiuh Young & Chun-Chan Yu & Hsiao-Tang Hsu, 2020. "Are governmental expenditures also sticky? Evidence from the operating expenditures of public schools," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(16), pages 1763-1776, April.
    55. Wu‐Lung Li & Kenneth Zheng, 2020. "Rollover risk and managerial cost adjustment decisions," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 60(3), pages 2843-2878, September.
    56. Cook, Douglas O. & Kieschnick, Robert & Moussawi, Rabih, 2019. "Operating leases, operating leverage, operational inflexibility and sticky costs," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 31(C).
    57. Martin Holzhacker & Ranjani Krishnan & Matthias D. Mahlendorf, 2015. "The Impact of Changes in Regulation on Cost Behavior," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(2), pages 534-566, June.
    58. Jie He & Xuan Tian & Huan Yang & Luo Zuo, 2020. "Asymmetric Cost Behavior and Dividend Policy," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 58(4), pages 989-1021, September.
    59. Shijun Cheng & Wei Jiang & Yeqin Zeng, 2018. "Does access to capital affect cost stickiness? Evidence from China," Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(1-2), pages 177-198, January.
    60. Fernando Zanella & Peter Oyelere & Shahadut Hossain, 2015. "Are costs really sticky? Evidence from publicly listed companies in the UAE," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(60), pages 6519-6528, December.
    61. Wu-Lung Li & Kenneth Zheng, 2017. "Product market competition and cost stickiness," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 49(2), pages 283-313, August.
    62. Chen, Zhiyao & Harford, Jarrad & Kamara, Avraham, 2019. "Operating Leverage, Profitability, and Capital Structure," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 54(1), pages 369-392, February.
    63. Jian Xu & Jae Woo Sim, 2017. "Are costs really sticky and biased? Evidence from manufacturing listed companies in China," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(55), pages 5601-5613, November.
    64. Elena Simintzi & Vikrant Vig & Paolo Volpin, 2015. "Labor Protection and Leverage," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 28(2), pages 561-591.
    65. Ronny Prabowo & Reggy Hooghiemstra & Paula Van Veen-Dirks, 2018. "State Ownership, Socio-political Factors, and Labor Cost Stickiness," European Accounting Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(4), pages 771-796, August.
    66. Kitching, Karen & Mashruwala, Raj & Pevzner, Mikhail, 2016. "Culture and Cost Stickiness: A Cross-country Study," The International Journal of Accounting, Elsevier, vol. 51(3), pages 402-417.
    67. Basu, Sudipta, 1997. "The conservatism principle and the asymmetric timeliness of earnings," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 24(1), pages 3-37, December.
    68. Hichem Khlif & Mohsen Souissi, 2010. "The determinants of corporate disclosure: a meta‐analysis," International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 18(3), pages 198-219, September.
    69. Danlu Bu & Caihong Wen & Rajiv D. Banker, 2015. "Implications of asymmetric cost behaviour for analysing financial reports of companies in China," China Journal of Accounting Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 3(3), pages 181-208, July.
    70. Ziyang Li & Qianwei Ying & Yuying Chen & Xuehui Zhang, 2020. "Managerial risk appetite and asymmetry cost behavior: evidence from China," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 60(5), pages 4651-4692, December.
    71. repec:eme:jaar00:jaar-03-2015-0019 is not listed on IDEAS
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ibrahim, Awad Elsayed Awad & Ali, Hesham & Aboelkheir, Heba, 2022. "Cost stickiness: A systematic literature review of 27 years of research and a future research agenda," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 46(C).
    2. Cristiana Cattaneo & Gaia Bassani, 2020. "Sticky costs: le determinanti e le sfide per manager e accademici," MANAGEMENT CONTROL, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2020(Suppl. 1), pages 103-126.
    3. Komang Ayu Krisnadewi & Noorlailie Soewarno, 2021. "Optimism and profit-based incentives in cost stickiness: an experimental study," Journal of Management Control: Zeitschrift für Planung und Unternehmenssteuerung, Springer, vol. 32(1), pages 7-31, March.
    4. Tingyong Zhong & Fangcheng Sun & Haiyan Zhou & Jeoung Yul Lee, 2020. "Business Strategy, State-Owned Equity and Cost Stickiness: Evidence from Chinese Firms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-21, March.
    5. Mabel D. Costa & Ahsan Habib, 2021. "Trade credit and cost stickiness," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 61(1), pages 1139-1179, March.
    6. Mabel D. Costa & Ahsan Habib & Md. Borhan Uddin Bhuiyan, 2021. "Financial constraints and asymmetric cost behavior," Journal of Management Control: Zeitschrift für Planung und Unternehmenssteuerung, Springer, vol. 32(1), pages 33-83, March.
    7. Sven Hartlieb & Thomas R. Loy, 2022. "The impact of cost stickiness on financial reporting: evidence from income smoothing," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 62(3), pages 3913-3950, September.
    8. Josep Mª. Argilés‐Bosch & Josep Garcia‐Blandón & Diego Ravenda, 2023. "Empirical analysis of the relationship between labour cost stickiness and labour reforms in Spain," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(S1), pages 1187-1221, April.
    9. Le, Anh-Tuan & Tran, Thao Phuong & Cheng, Tzu-Chang Forrest, 2022. "Do female directors mitigate asymmetric cost behavior? Evidence from international data," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    10. Joanna Golden & Kenneth Zheng, 2022. "Cost management and corporate payout decisions," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 58(3), pages 911-938, April.
    11. Christian Riegler & Katrin Weiskirchner-Merten, 2021. "Research note: an analytical perspective on market decisions and asymmetric cost behavior," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 15(4), pages 991-1005, May.
    12. Mohammad Mahdi Rounaghi & Hajer Jarrar & Leo-Paul Dana, 2021. "Implementation of strategic cost management in manufacturing companies: overcoming costs stickiness and increasing corporate sustainability," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 7(1), pages 1-8, December.
    13. Hakan Özkaya, 2021. "Sticky cost behavior: evidence from small and medium sized enterprises in Turkey," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 11(2), pages 349-369, June.
    14. Wanjiao Jia & Ting Yang & Xin Zhang, 2023. "The rise of robots and the fall of cost stickiness: Evidence from Chinese manufacturers," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(3), pages 3147-3171, September.
    15. Wulung Li & Ramachandran Natarajan & Yan Zhao & Kenneth Zheng, 2021. "The effect of management control mechanisms through risk-taking incentives on asymmetric cost behavior," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 56(1), pages 219-243, January.
    16. Li, Tongxia & Lu, Chun & Chen, Zhihua, 2023. "The unintended consequence of collateral-based financing: Evidence from corporate cost behavior," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(1).
    17. Fangjun Wang & Lizhu Ma & Baojun Gao & Yang S Liu, 2024. "Does high-speed railway affect the cost behavior of tourism firms? Evidence from China," Tourism Economics, , vol. 30(1), pages 212-235, February.
    18. Costa, Mabel D’ & Opare, Solomon, 2022. "Cost asymmetry around seasoned equity offerings," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(C).
    19. Wei Huang & Jaehyeon Kim, 2020. "Linguistically Induced Time Perception and Asymmetric Cost Behavior," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 60(5), pages 755-785, October.
    20. Long, Zhineng & Xuan, Wenshuang & Zhang, Yanyu, 2023. "The dilemma of hometown identity: Evidence from Chinese corporate cost behavior," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jiaata:v:53:y:2023:i:c:s1061951823000575. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-international-accounting-auditing-and-taxation .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.