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Does the Shariah screening process matter? Evidence from Shariah compliant portfolios

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  • Ashraf, Dawood
  • Khawaja, Mohsin

Abstract

This study compares the performance of market-weighted Shariah-compliant portfolios (SCPs) with conventional benchmark portfolios (CBPs) from the USA, Canada, Europe, the GCC, and Japan. Portfolios are constructed from constituent-level monthly price data using the Shariah screening criteria as proposed by MSCI, FTSE, Dow Jones, S&P and AAOIFI. The unique SCP construction approach used in this study removes any concerns of performance deviation due to the portfolio construction methodology, rebalancing timing, and management skills for security selection or market timing. Empirical results indicate that SCPs are generally less risky than CBPs. We also find that Shariah screening standards are insignificant in their effect on return performance. SCPs using the BVTA approach usually report a little better nominal and risk-adjusted returns than SCPs using the MVE approach for financial screening. The negligible difference in risk-adjusted performance and rebalancing based on different criteria indicate a need for greater consistency in applying Shariah screening standards.

Suggested Citation

  • Ashraf, Dawood & Khawaja, Mohsin, 2016. "Does the Shariah screening process matter? Evidence from Shariah compliant portfolios," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 132(S), pages 77-92.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jeborg:v:132:y:2016:i:s:p:77-92
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2016.10.003
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    Cited by:

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    8. Anwer, Zaheer & Mohamad, Shamsher & Paltrinieri, Andrea & Hassan, M. Kabir, 2021. "Dividend payout policy of Shariah compliant firms: Evidence from United States," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    9. Raza, Muhammad Wajid & Ashraf, Dawood, 2019. "Does the application of smart beta strategies enhance portfolio performance? The case of Islamic equity investments," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 46-61.
    10. Anwer, Zaheer & Azmi, Wajahat & Mohamad, Shamsher, 2023. "Shariah screening and corporate governance: The case of constituent stocks of Dow Jones US Indices," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 976-1002.
    11. Azmi, Wajahat & Anwer, Zaheer & Mohamad, Shamsher & Shah, Mohamed Eskandar, 2019. "The substitution hypothesis of agency conflicts: Evidence on Shariah compliant equities," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 90-103.
    12. Alnori, Faisal & Alqahtani, Faisal, 2019. "Capital structure and speed of adjustment in non-financial firms: Does sharia compliance matter? Evidence from Saudi Arabia," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 50-67.
    13. Abdullah Muhammad Ahmed Ayedh & Muhammad Iqmal Hisham Kamaruddin & Amir Shaharuddin, 2019. "Challenging the Current Shariah Screening Methodology Assessments in Kuala Lumpur Shariah Index (KLSI)," International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, vol. 9(4), pages 253-268, October.
    14. Md Safiullah & Abul Shamsuddin, 2021. "Asset pricing factors in Islamic equity returns," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 21(2), pages 523-554, June.
    15. Cheong, Calvin W.H., 2021. "Risk, resilience, and Shariah-compliance," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    16. Ashraf, Dawood & Felixson, Karl & Khawaja, Mohsin & Hussain, Syed Mujahid, 2017. "Do constraints on financial and operating leverage affect the performance of Islamic equity portfolios?," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 171-182.
    17. Kok, Seng Kiong & Filomeni, Stefano, 2021. "The holding behavior of Shariah financial assets within the global Islamic financial sector: A macroeconomic and firm-based model," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    18. Kok, Seng Kiong & Akwei, Cynthia & Giorgioni, Gianluigi & Farquhar, Stuart, 2022. "On the regulation of the intersection between religion and the provision of financial services: Conversations with market actors within the global Islamic financial services sector," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    19. Pepis, Scott & de Jong, Pieter, 2019. "Effects of Shariah-compliant business practices on long-term financial performance," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 254-267.
    20. Abdullahi , Shafiu Ibrahim, 2021. "Islamic equities and COVID-19 pandemic: measuring Islamic stock indices correlation and volatility in period of crisis," Islamic Economic Studies, The Islamic Research and Training Institute (IRTI), vol. 29, pages 50-66.
    21. el Alaoui, AbdelKader Ouatik & Bacha, Obiyathulla Ismath & Masih, Mansur & Asutay, Mehmet, 2016. "Shari’ah screening, market risk and contagion: A multi-country analysis," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 132(S), pages 93-112.
    22. Manu Abraham, 2024. "Shariah compliance and earnings management in India: Insights on reporting transparency and financial stability," Modern Finance, Modern Finance Institute, vol. 2(1), pages 145-165.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Islamic equity investments; Screenings standards; Dynamic factor model; Performance comparison;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • G24 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage
    • O16 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance

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