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Understanding whistle-blowing: a set-theoretic approach

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  • Henik, Erika

Abstract

This paper introduces fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to the study of whistle-blowing and represents the first attempt to apply set-theoretic tools to this phenomenon. I submit 60 episodes drawn from 50 in-depth interviews with whistle-blowers and “inactive observers” to fsQCA analysis. The results point to two paths that can lead to a whistle-blowing outcome, as well as an important contextual factor that facilitates the decision to whistle-blow or remain an “inactive observer.” These discoveries suggest that no path-dependent course toward whistle-blowing or inactive observation exists, nor does an a priori profile of whistle-blowers whom organizations can attempt to screen out during recruitment.

Suggested Citation

  • Henik, Erika, 2015. "Understanding whistle-blowing: a set-theoretic approach," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(2), pages 442-450.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jbrese:v:68:y:2015:i:2:p:442-450
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.06.004
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ragin, Charles C., 2000. "Fuzzy-Set Social Science," University of Chicago Press Economics Books, University of Chicago Press, edition 1, number 9780226702773, May.
    2. Ragin, Charles C., 2006. "Set Relations in Social Research: Evaluating Their Consistency and Coverage," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 14(3), pages 291-310, July.
    3. Erika Henik, 2008. "Mad as Hell or Scared Stiff? The Effects of Value Conflict and Emotions on Potential Whistle-Blowers," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 80(1), pages 111-119, June.
    4. Isen, Alice M. & Geva, Nehemia, 1987. "The influence of positive affect on acceptable level of risk: The person with a large canoe has a large worry," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 39(2), pages 145-154, April.
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    6. Tiedens, Larissa Z. & Linton, Susan, 2001. "Judgment under Emotional Uncertainty: The Effects of Specific Emotions and Their Associated Certainty Appraisals on Information Processing," Research Papers 1629, Stanford University, Graduate School of Business.
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    Cited by:

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    3. Jawad Khan & Imran Saeed & Muhammad Zada & Amna Ali & Nicolás Contreras-Barraza & Guido Salazar-Sepúlveda & Alejandro Vega-Muñoz, 2022. "Examining Whistleblowing Intention: The Influence of Rationalization on Wrongdoing and Threat of Retaliation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-20, February.
    4. Verschuuren, Pim, 2020. "Whistleblowing determinants and the effectiveness of reporting channels in the international sports sector," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(1), pages 142-154.
    5. Chollet, Barthélemy & Géraudel, Mickaël & Khedhaouria, Anis & Mothe, Caroline, 2016. "Market knowledge as a function of CEOs' personality: A fuzzy set approach," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(7), pages 2567-2573.
    6. Hengky Latan & Charbel Jose Chiappetta Jabbour & Ana Beatriz Lopes de Sousa Jabbour, 2019. "Ethical Awareness, Ethical Judgment and Whistleblowing: A Moderated Mediation Analysis," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 155(1), pages 289-304, March.
    7. Barbara Culiberg & Katarina Katja Mihelič, 2017. "The Evolution of Whistleblowing Studies: A Critical Review and Research Agenda," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 146(4), pages 787-803, December.
    8. Hengky Latan & Christian M. Ringle & Charbel Jose Chiappetta Jabbour, 2018. "Whistleblowing Intentions Among Public Accountants in Indonesia: Testing for the Moderation Effects," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 152(2), pages 573-588, October.
    9. Sofia Pagliarin & Salvatore Mendola & Barbara Vis, 2023. "The “qualitative” in qualitative comparative analysis (QCA): research moves, case-intimacy and face-to-face interviews," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 57(1), pages 489-507, February.
    10. Miguel-Ángel Galindo-Martín & María-Soledad Castaño-Martínez & María-Teresa Méndez-Picazo, 2023. "Digitalization, entrepreneurship and competitiveness: an analysis from 19 European countries," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 17(5), pages 1809-1826, July.
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    12. Logan L. Watts & M. Ronald Buckley, 2017. "A Dual-Processing Model of Moral Whistleblowing in Organizations," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 146(3), pages 669-683, December.
    13. Sascha Kraus & Domingo Ribeiro-Soriano & Miriam Schüssler, 2018. "Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) in entrepreneurship and innovation research – the rise of a method," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 14(1), pages 15-33, March.
    14. Azad, Md Abul Kalam & Rumman, Nazmus Sakib & Connolly, Regina & Wanke, Peter & Mumu, Jinnatul Raihan, 2022. "Towards an improved understanding of the antecedents of digital health service loyalty during a pandemic: An fsQCA approach," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    15. Hanen Khemakhem & Richard Fontaine & Nadia Smaili & Mahbub Zaman, 2023. "Whistleblowing regulations and the role of audit committees: insight from interviews," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 27(1), pages 131-151, March.
    16. Hengky Latan & Charbel Jose Chiappetta Jabbour & Ana Beatriz Lopes de Sousa Jabbour, 2021. "To Blow or Not to Blow the Whistle: The Role of Rationalization in the Perceived Seriousness of Threats and Wrongdoing," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 169(3), pages 517-535, March.

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