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Marked point process hotspot maps for homicide and gun crime prediction in Chicago

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  • Mohler, George

Abstract

Crime hotspot maps are a widely used and successful method of displaying spatial crime patterns and allocating police resources. However, hotspot maps are often created over a single timescale using only one crime type. In the case of short-term hotspot maps that utilize several weeks of crime data, risk estimates suffer from a high variance, especially for low frequency crimes such as homicide. Long-term hotspot maps that utilize several years of data fail to take into account near-repeat effects and emerging hotspot trends. In this paper we show how point process models of crime can be extended to include leading indicator crime types, while capturing both short-term and long-term patterns of risk, through a marked point process approach. Several years of data and many different crime types are systematically combined to yield accurate hotspot maps that can be used for the purpose of predictive policing of gun-related crime. We apply the methodology to a large, open source data set which has been made available to the general public online by the Chicago Police Department.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohler, George, 2014. "Marked point process hotspot maps for homicide and gun crime prediction in Chicago," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 30(3), pages 491-497.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:intfor:v:30:y:2014:i:3:p:491-497
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijforecast.2014.01.004
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mohler, G. O. & Short, M. B. & Brantingham, P. J. & Schoenberg, F. P. & Tita, G. E., 2011. "Self-Exciting Point Process Modeling of Crime," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 106(493), pages 100-108.
    2. Gorr, Wilpen L., 2009. "Forecast accuracy measures for exception reporting using receiver operating characteristic curves," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 48-61.
    3. Veen, Alejandro & Schoenberg, Frederic P., 2008. "Estimation of SpaceTime Branching Process Models in Seismology Using an EMType Algorithm," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 103, pages 614-624, June.
    4. Liu, Hua & Brown, Donald E., 2003. "Criminal incident prediction using a point-pattern-based density model," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 19(4), pages 603-622.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

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    2. Baichuan Yuan & Frederic P. Schoenberg & Andrea L. Bertozzi, 2021. "Fast estimation of multivariate spatiotemporal Hawkes processes and network reconstruction," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 73(6), pages 1127-1152, December.
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    4. Mota, Caroline Maria de Miranda & Figueiredo, Ciro José Jardim de & Pereira, Débora Viana e Sousa, 2021. "Identifying areas vulnerable to homicide using multiple criteria analysis and spatial analysis," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    5. Alex Reinhart & Joel Greenhouse, 2018. "Self‐exciting point processes with spatial covariates: modelling the dynamics of crime," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 67(5), pages 1305-1329, November.
    6. Seppo Virtanen & Mark Girolami, 2021. "Spatio‐temporal mixed membership models for criminal activity," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 184(4), pages 1220-1244, October.
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    9. Noriyoshi Sukegawa & Shohei Suzuki & Yoshiko Ikebe & Yoshito Hirata, 2024. "On Computing Medians of Marked Point Process Data Under Edit Distance," Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Springer, vol. 200(1), pages 178-193, January.
    10. Kieran Kalair & Colm Connaughton & Pierfrancesco Alaimo Di Loro, 2021. "A non‐parametric Hawkes process model of primary and secondary accidents on a UK smart motorway," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 70(1), pages 80-97, January.
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    12. Mohler, George & Carter, Jeremy & Raje, Rajeev, 2018. "Improving social harm indices with a modulated Hawkes process," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 431-439.

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