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Uncovering the mysteries of inclusion: Empirical and methodological possibilities in participatory evaluation in an international context

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  • Chouinard, Jill Anne
  • Milley, Peter

Abstract

The inclusion of stakeholders in participatory evaluation in highly diverse, culturally complex settings remains a challenge, given issues of inequity, power, voice, capacity and skill. These challenges are well documented, but there is a relative absence of papers devoted to addressing them based on examples and evidence. In this paper, we report our review of 51 empirical studies of participatory evaluations conducted in the international domain, focusing on the methods of inclusion used in the evaluations. Our findings address “the who” (which stakeholders are included and which excluded), “the why” (rationales for participation) and “the how” (by what means and in what manner) of inclusion. We were struck by the scale of some development programs, geographically and in terms of the number of diverse program sponsors and stakeholders, and how this necessitated highly creative, innovative participatory techniques to ensure that anyone (and in some cases everyone) could have a voice in the process, regardless of location, language ability, privilege, power, gender, age or culture.

Suggested Citation

  • Chouinard, Jill Anne & Milley, Peter, 2018. "Uncovering the mysteries of inclusion: Empirical and methodological possibilities in participatory evaluation in an international context," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 70-78.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:epplan:v:67:y:2018:i:c:p:70-78
    DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2017.12.001
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    2. Hickey, Sophie & Couchman, Katrina & Stapleton, Helen & Roe, Yvette & Kildea, Sue, 2019. "Experiences of health service providers establishing an Aboriginal-Mainstream partnership to improve maternity care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families in an urban setting," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    3. Anteneh Mekuria Tesfaye & Tyali Siyasanga M, 2025. "Barriers to inclusive stakeholders’ participation in Northwest Ethiopia’s agricultural sector," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 12(1), pages 1-9, December.
    4. Ghosh, Smita & Struminger, Bruce B. & Singla, Neeta & Roth, Brenna M. & Kumar, Anil & Anand, Sunil & Mtete, Emmanuel & Lusekelo, Jacob & Massawe, Irene & Jarpe-Ratner, Elizabeth & Seweryn, Steven M. &, 2022. "Appreciative inquiry and the co-creation of an evaluation framework for Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) implementation: a two-country experience," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    5. Kibukho, Kennedy, 2021. "Mediating role of citizen empowerment in the relationship between participatory monitoring and evaluation and social sustainability," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    6. Katarzyna Cieslik & Art Dewulf & Wouter Buytaert, 2020. "Project Narratives: Investigating Participatory Conservation in the Peruvian Andes," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 51(4), pages 1067-1097, July.

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