IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v93y2015ip2p1489-1504.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impact of powertrain electrification, vehicle size reduction and lightweight materials substitution on energy use, CO2 emissions and cost of a passenger light-duty vehicle fleet

Author

Listed:
  • González Palencia, Juan C.
  • Sakamaki, Tsukasa
  • Araki, Mikiya
  • Shiga, Seiichi

Abstract

Electric-drive and lightweight vehicles can reduce CO2 emissions in road passenger transportation. However, maximum reductions are limited by the extent of their diffusion. A vehicle fleet stock turnover model was developed to study the impact of powertrain electrification, vehicle size reduction and lightweight materials substitution on light-duty vehicle fleet energy consumption, CO2 emissions and cost; and used in the case of Japan. Vehicle types included internal combustion engine vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, battery electric vehicles, and fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles; using two glider types, conventional and lightweight; available in three vehicle size classes, normal, compact and mini-sized vehicles. Diffusion of mini-sized lightweight battery electric vehicles has the largest potential for tank-to-wheel energy consumption and CO2 emissions reductions, 70.6 and 92.2%, compared to the 2050 baseline values; with a net cash flow larger than zero until 2045. In contrast, diffusion of mini-sized lightweight fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles has the lowest net cash flow by 2050, with negative values from 2033 and potential tank-to-wheel energy consumption and CO2 emissions reductions of 55.4 and 82.9% compared to the 2050 baseline values. Lightweighting reduces significantly the capital cost of battery electric vehicles and fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles, favoring their deployment.

Suggested Citation

  • González Palencia, Juan C. & Sakamaki, Tsukasa & Araki, Mikiya & Shiga, Seiichi, 2015. "Impact of powertrain electrification, vehicle size reduction and lightweight materials substitution on energy use, CO2 emissions and cost of a passenger light-duty vehicle fleet," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P2), pages 1489-1504.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:93:y:2015:i:p2:p:1489-1504
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.10.017
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036054421501381X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2015.10.017?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yabe, Kuniaki & Shinoda, Yukio & Seki, Tomomichi & Tanaka, Hideo & Akisawa, Atsushi, 2012. "Market penetration speed and effects on CO2 reduction of electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in Japan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 529-540.
    2. Pasaoglu, Guzay & Honselaar, Michel & Thiel, Christian, 2012. "Potential vehicle fleet CO2 reductions and cost implications for various vehicle technology deployment scenarios in Europe," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 404-421.
    3. González Palencia, Juan C. & Furubayashi, Takaaki & Nakata, Toshihiko, 2014. "Techno-economic assessment of lightweight and zero emission vehicles deployment in the passenger car fleet of developing countries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 129-142.
    4. Lee, Duk Hee & Park, Sang Yong & Hong, Jong Chul & Choi, Sang Jin & Kim, Jong Wook, 2013. "Analysis of the energy and environmental effects of green car deployment by an integrating energy system model with a forecasting model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 306-316.
    5. Joyce Dargay & Dermot Gately & Martin Sommer, 2007. "Vehicle Ownership and Income Growth, Worldwide: 1960-2030," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 4), pages 143-170.
    6. Du, J.D. & Han, W.J. & Peng, Y.H. & Gu, C.C., 2010. "Potential for reducing GHG emissions and energy consumption from implementing the aluminum intensive vehicle fleet in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 4671-4678.
    7. Hao, Han & Wang, Hewu & Ouyang, Minggao, 2011. "Fuel conservation and GHG (Greenhouse gas) emissions mitigation scenarios for China’s passenger vehicle fleet," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(11), pages 6520-6528.
    8. Kloess, Maximilian & Müller, Andreas, 2011. "Simulating the impact of policy, energy prices and technological progress on the passenger car fleet in Austria--A model based analysis 2010-2050," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(9), pages 5045-5062, September.
    9. Saxena, Samveg & Phadke, Amol & Gopal, Anand, 2014. "Understanding the fuel savings potential from deploying hybrid cars in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1127-1133.
    10. Delucchi, Mark & Burke, Andy & Lipman, Timothy & Miller, Marshall, 2000. "Electric and Gasoline Vehicle Lifecycle Cost and Energy-Use Model," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt1np1h2zp, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    11. Salah, Florian & Ilg, Jens P. & Flath, Christoph M. & Basse, Hauke & Dinther, Clemens van, 2015. "Impact of electric vehicles on distribution substations: A Swiss case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 88-96.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Zhang, Shaojun & Wu, Ye & Un, Puikei & Fu, Lixin & Hao, Jiming, 2016. "Modeling real-world fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions with high resolution for light-duty passenger vehicles in a traffic populated city," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 461-471.
    2. Hao, Han & Geng, Yong & Sarkis, Joseph, 2016. "Carbon footprint of global passenger cars: Scenarios through 2050," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 121-131.
    3. Lihua Wang & Yahui Cui & Fengqi Zhang & Guanglei Li, 2020. "Architectures of Planetary Hybrid Powertrain System: Review, Classification and Comparison," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-24, January.
    4. Antti Lajunen & Panu Sainio & Lasse Laurila & Jenni Pippuri-Mäkeläinen & Kari Tammi, 2018. "Overview of Powertrain Electrification and Future Scenarios for Non-Road Mobile Machinery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-22, May.
    5. Ruffini, Eleonora & Wei, Max, 2018. "Future costs of fuel cell electric vehicles in California using a learning rate approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 329-341.
    6. Millo, F. & Cubito, C. & Rolando, L. & Pautasso, E. & Servetto, E., 2017. "Design and development of an hybrid light commercial vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 90-99.
    7. González Palencia, Juan C. & Araki, Mikiya & Shiga, Seiichi, 2016. "Energy, environmental and economic impact of mini-sized and zero-emission vehicle diffusion on a light-duty vehicle fleet," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 96-109.
    8. Xu, Bin & Rathod, Dhruvang & Zhang, Darui & Yebi, Adamu & Zhang, Xueyu & Li, Xiaoya & Filipi, Zoran, 2020. "Parametric study on reinforcement learning optimized energy management strategy for a hybrid electric vehicle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    9. González Palencia, Juan C. & Otsuka, Yuki & Araki, Mikiya & Shiga, Seiichi, 2017. "Scenario analysis of lightweight and electric-drive vehicle market penetration in the long-term and impact on the light-duty vehicle fleet," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 1444-1462.
    10. Hegazy, Omar & Barrero, Ricardo & Van den Bossche, Peter & El Baghdadi, Mohamed & Smekens, Jelle & Van Mierlo, Joeri & Vriens, Wouter & Bogaerts, Bruno, 2016. "Modeling, analysis and feasibility study of new drivetrain architectures for off-highway vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 1056-1074.
    11. Gong, Xuan & De Paola, Antonio & Angeli, David & Strbac, Goran, 2019. "A game-theoretic approach for price-based coordination of flexible devices operating in integrated energy-reserve markets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    12. He, Liqiang & Hu, Jingnan & Zhang, Shaojun & Wu, Ye & Zhu, Rencheng & Zu, Lei & Bao, Xiaofeng & Lai, Yitu & Su, Sheng, 2018. "The impact from the direct injection and multi-port fuel injection technologies for gasoline vehicles on solid particle number and black carbon emissions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 819-826.
    13. Zheng, Fangdan & Jiang, Jiuchun & Sun, Bingxiang & Zhang, Weige & Pecht, Michael, 2016. "Temperature dependent power capability estimation of lithium-ion batteries for hybrid electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 64-75.
    14. Wang, Sinan & Chen, Kangda & Zhao, Fuquan & Hao, Han, 2019. "Technology pathways for complying with Corporate Average Fuel Consumption regulations up to 2030: A case study of China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C), pages 257-277.
    15. Triantafyllopoulos, Georgios & Kontses, Anastasios & Tsokolis, Dimitrios & Ntziachristos, Leonidas & Samaras, Zissis, 2017. "Potential of energy efficiency technologies in reducing vehicle consumption under type approval and real world conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P1), pages 365-373.
    16. Huang, Yanjun & Wang, Hong & Khajepour, Amir & Li, Bin & Ji, Jie & Zhao, Kegang & Hu, Chuan, 2018. "A review of power management strategies and component sizing methods for hybrid vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 132-144.
    17. Valero, Alicia & Valero, Antonio & Calvo, Guiomar & Ortego, Abel, 2018. "Material bottlenecks in the future development of green technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 178-200.
    18. AlSabbagh, Maha & Siu, Yim Ling & Guehnemann, Astrid & Barrett, John, 2017. "Integrated approach to the assessment of CO2e-mitigation measures for the road passenger transport sector in Bahrain," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 203-215.
    19. Juan C. González Palencia & Van Tuan Nguyen & Mikiya Araki & Seiichi Shiga, 2020. "The Role of Powertrain Electrification in Achieving Deep Decarbonization in Road Freight Transport," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-24, May.
    20. Shokrzadeh, Shahab & Bibeau, Eric, 2016. "Sustainable integration of intermittent renewable energy and electrified light-duty transportation through repurposing batteries of plug-in electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 701-711.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. González Palencia, Juan C. & Araki, Mikiya & Shiga, Seiichi, 2016. "Energy, environmental and economic impact of mini-sized and zero-emission vehicle diffusion on a light-duty vehicle fleet," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 96-109.
    2. González Palencia, Juan C. & Furubayashi, Takaaki & Nakata, Toshihiko, 2014. "Techno-economic assessment of lightweight and zero emission vehicles deployment in the passenger car fleet of developing countries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 129-142.
    3. González Palencia, Juan C. & Otsuka, Yuki & Araki, Mikiya & Shiga, Seiichi, 2017. "Scenario analysis of lightweight and electric-drive vehicle market penetration in the long-term and impact on the light-duty vehicle fleet," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 1444-1462.
    4. González Palencia, Juan C. & Furubayashi, Takaaki & Nakata, Toshihiko, 2012. "Energy use and CO2 emissions reduction potential in passenger car fleet using zero emission vehicles and lightweight materials," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 548-565.
    5. Hao, Han & Geng, Yong & Hang, Wen, 2016. "GHG emissions from primary aluminum production in China: Regional disparity and policy implications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 264-272.
    6. Ranjit R. Desai & Eric Hittinger & Eric Williams, 2022. "Interaction of Consumer Heterogeneity and Technological Progress in the US Electric Vehicle Market," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-25, June.
    7. Mahdi Salehi & Seyed Hamed Fahimifard & Grzegorz Zimon & Andrzej Bujak & Adam Sadowski, 2022. "The Effect of CO 2 Gas Emissions on the Market Value, Price and Shares Returns," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-17, December.
    8. Hao, Han & Liu, Zongwei & Zhao, Fuquan & Li, Weiqi & Hang, Wen, 2015. "Scenario analysis of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from China's passenger vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 151-159.
    9. Farid, Amro M. & Jiang, Bo & Muzhikyan, Aramazd & Youcef-Toumi, Kamal, 2016. "The need for holistic enterprise control assessment methods for the future electricity grid," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 669-685.
    10. AlSabbagh, Maha & Siu, Yim Ling & Guehnemann, Astrid & Barrett, John, 2017. "Integrated approach to the assessment of CO2e-mitigation measures for the road passenger transport sector in Bahrain," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 203-215.
    11. Weixing Liu & Hongtao Yi, 2020. "What Affects the Diffusion of New Energy Vehicles Financial Subsidy Policy? Evidence from Chinese Cities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-15, January.
    12. Hao, Han & Wang, Sinan & Liu, Zongwei & Zhao, Fuquan, 2016. "The impact of stepped fuel economy targets on automaker's light-weighting strategy: The China case," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 755-765.
    13. Homolka, Lubor & Ngo, Vu Minh & Pavelková, Drahomíra & Le, Bach Tuan & Dehning, Bruce, 2020. "Short- and medium-term car registration forecasting based on selected macro and socio-economic indicators in European countries," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    14. Krause, Jette & Thiel, Christian & Tsokolis, Dimitrios & Samaras, Zissis & Rota, Christian & Ward, Andy & Prenninger, Peter & Coosemans, Thierry & Neugebauer, Stephan & Verhoeve, Wim, 2020. "EU road vehicle energy consumption and CO2 emissions by 2050 – Expert-based scenarios," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    15. Shafiei, Ehsan & Davidsdottir, Brynhildur & Leaver, Jonathan & Stefansson, Hlynur & Asgeirsson, Eyjolfur Ingi, 2015. "Comparative analysis of hydrogen, biofuels and electricity transitional pathways to sustainable transport in a renewable-based energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 614-627.
    16. Arne Höltl & Cathy Macharis & Klaas De Brucker, 2017. "Pathways to Decarbonise the European Car Fleet: A Scenario Analysis Using the Backcasting Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-20, December.
    17. Tesemma, Tewodros, 2023. "Encouraging adoption of fuel-efficient vehicles – A policy reform evaluation from Ethiopia," Working Papers in Economics 838, University of Gothenburg, Department of Economics.
    18. Hao, Han & Geng, Yong & Sarkis, Joseph, 2016. "Carbon footprint of global passenger cars: Scenarios through 2050," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 121-131.
    19. Lee, Yongseung & Kim, Chongman & Shin, Juneseuk, 2016. "A hybrid electric vehicle market penetration model to identify the best policy mix: A consumer ownership cycle approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 438-449.
    20. Dedinec, Aleksandar & Markovska, Natasa & Taseska, Verica & Duic, Neven & Kanevce, Gligor, 2013. "Assessment of climate change mitigation potential of the Macedonian transport sector," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 177-187.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:93:y:2015:i:p2:p:1489-1504. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.