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Assessment of advanced demand response value streams for water heaters in renewable-rich electricity markets

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  • Clift, Dean Holland
  • Stanley, Cameron
  • Hasan, Kazi N.
  • Rosengarten, Gary

Abstract

Water heating is a significant domestic load, representing ∼25% of total household energy consumption in developed countries. This study considers domestic electric storage water heaters as both thermal storage and controllable loads that respond to electrical network conditions in real-time, participating in demand response (DR) schemes. The studied electrical market leads the world in PV generation at 960 W/capita, and is demonstrating increasingly volatile energy prices and supply quality due to a lack of energy storage and DR. Existing literature in water heater demand management, considers oversimplified water heating models, a tendency to lack real-time financial modelling, and omits a combination of network frequency and DR considerations. This research has proposed a framework of advanced DR value streams for water heaters, leading to advanced water heater design and controls that critically determine the urgency of heating, and intelligently vary the location of thermal energy injection to minimise heat losses and emergency/sanitation heating. The results have demonstrated significant annual financial savings from 113% to 217% with DR representing up to 92% of annual energy consumption. At a national level, a new demand management load of 10.8 GW and 5.94 TWh/annum is identified, representing 2% of Australia's annual electricity consumption.

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  • Clift, Dean Holland & Stanley, Cameron & Hasan, Kazi N. & Rosengarten, Gary, 2023. "Assessment of advanced demand response value streams for water heaters in renewable-rich electricity markets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:267:y:2023:i:c:s0360544222034648
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.126577
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    Cited by:

    1. Ángel Á. Pardiñas & Pablo Durán Gómez & Fernando Echevarría Camarero & Pablo Carrasco Ortega, 2023. "Demand–Response Control of Electric Storage Water Heaters Based on Dynamic Electricity Pricing and Comfort Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-25, May.
    2. Bożena Gajdzik & Magdalena Jaciow & Radosław Wolniak & Robert Wolny & Wieslaw Wes Grebski, 2023. "Energy Behaviors of Prosumers in Example of Polish Households," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-26, March.

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