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Performance assessment of retired EV battery modules for echelon use

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  • Zhang, Youlang
  • Li, Yan
  • Tao, Yibin
  • Ye, Jilei
  • Pan, Aiqiang
  • Li, Xinzhou
  • Liao, Qiangqiang
  • Wang, Zhiqin

Abstract

The performance of retired EV battery modules was tested in order to learn their attenuation states and different capacity test protocols of retired modules are compared in order to strike a balance between calibration accuracy and test time. The results show that most modules have no serious capacity fading while a minority of modules whose capacity is less than 80% SOH will bring about the capacity of the whole battery system down to below 80% SOH. Echelon use of EV battery from aspect of modules has more value than that from aspect of packs. The capacity fading of Pack 2 is more than that of Pack 1 due to a rise in temperature because the cold air enters the side of Pack 1 and exits from the side of Pack 2. High capacity is not always related to small resistance, showing that different modules have experienced different ageing processes. The retired modules still have good discharge ability at 25%–200% of rated power, implying that a retired battery energy storage system can be employed to satisfy power demand of electricity grid. The capacity test protocol of 1/3 C constant current process without constant voltage process is proposed for retired modules.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Youlang & Li, Yan & Tao, Yibin & Ye, Jilei & Pan, Aiqiang & Li, Xinzhou & Liao, Qiangqiang & Wang, Zhiqin, 2020. "Performance assessment of retired EV battery modules for echelon use," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:193:y:2020:i:c:s0360544219322509
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.116555
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    4. Zhang, Huiming & Huang, Jiying & Hu, Ruohan & Zhou, Dequn & Khan, Haroon ur Rashid & Ma, Changxian, 2020. "Echelon utilization of waste power batteries in new energy vehicles: Review of Chinese policies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
    5. Ma, Chen & Chang, Long & Cui, Naxin & Duan, Bin & Zhang, Yulong & Yu, Zhihao, 2022. "Statistical relationships between numerous retired lithium-ion cells and packs with random sampling for echelon utilization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    6. Harper, Gavin D.J. & Kendrick, Emma & Anderson, Paul A. & Mrozik, Wojciech & Christensen, Paul & Lambert, Simon & Greenwood, David & Das, Prodip K. & Ahmeid, Mohamed & Milojevic, Zoran & Du, Wenjia & , 2023. "Roadmap for a sustainable circular economy in lithium-ion and future battery technologies," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 118420, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    7. Braco, Elisa & San Martín, Idoia & Sanchis, Pablo & Ursúa, Alfredo & Stroe, Daniel-Ioan, 2022. "State of health estimation of second-life lithium-ion batteries under real profile operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    8. Fan, Jing-Li & Wang, Jia-Xing & Zhang, Xian, 2020. "An innovative subsidy model for promoting the sharing of Electric Vehicles in China: A pricing decisions analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    9. Zhang, Yuanjian & Huang, Yanjun & Chen, Haibo & Na, Xiaoxiang & Chen, Zheng & Liu, Yonggang, 2021. "Driving behavior oriented torque demand regulation for electric vehicles with single pedal driving," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    10. Lai, Xin & Huang, Yunfeng & Deng, Cong & Gu, Huanghui & Han, Xuebing & Zheng, Yuejiu & Ouyang, Minggao, 2021. "Sorting, regrouping, and echelon utilization of the large-scale retired lithium batteries: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
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