IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v169y2019icp1202-1213.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The effect of air/fuel ratio on the CO and NOx emissions for a twin-spark motorcycle gasoline engine under wide range of operating conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Deng, Banglin
  • Li, Qing
  • Chen, Yangyang
  • Li, Meng
  • Liu, Aodong
  • Ran, Jiaqi
  • Xu, Ying
  • Liu, Xiaoqiang
  • Fu, Jianqin
  • Feng, Renhua

Abstract

In the present study, the possibility and limitation of lean burn in a motorcycle engine were explored, from the aspect of exhaust emissions. The CO and NOx emissions were studied by experimental measurements and combined simulations on a twin-spark motorcycle gasoline engine under wide range of operating conditions. The results illuminated that, the CO emissions drop sharply when air/fuel mixture changed from rich to lean. Particularly, at full load the CO emission decreases by about 4 times when λ changed from 0.85 to 1.1, and it keeps decreasing to only about one-tenth at λ = 1.2. Besides, at λ = 1.1 and full engine load the NO emission is about 2.4 times of that at λ = 0.85. Not so much variation has been observed between λ = 1.1 and λ = 1.2. This indicates enlarging the lean burn range will not further deteriorate NOx emission, but benefit from CO emission by a large margin. It is further found the variation in CO emission amount between λs is not mainly due to which reaction is in favor, but due to the amount of its precursors. Besides, almost all the NO is produced by the thermal-NO mechanism.

Suggested Citation

  • Deng, Banglin & Li, Qing & Chen, Yangyang & Li, Meng & Liu, Aodong & Ran, Jiaqi & Xu, Ying & Liu, Xiaoqiang & Fu, Jianqin & Feng, Renhua, 2019. "The effect of air/fuel ratio on the CO and NOx emissions for a twin-spark motorcycle gasoline engine under wide range of operating conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 1202-1213.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:169:y:2019:i:c:p:1202-1213
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.12.113
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544218324794
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2018.12.113?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bougrine, S. & Richard, S. & Michel, J.-B. & Veynante, D., 2014. "Simulation of CO and NO emissions in a SI engine using a 0D coherent flame model coupled with a tabulated chemistry approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1199-1215.
    2. Deng, Banglin & Fu, Jianqin & Zhang, Daming & Yang, Jing & Feng, Renhua & Liu, Jingping & Li, Ke & Liu, Xiaoqiang, 2013. "The heat release analysis of bio-butanol/gasoline blends on a high speed SI (spark ignition) engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 230-241.
    3. Jiang, Chenxu & Li, Zilong & Qian, Yong & Wang, Xiaole & Zhang, Yahui & Lu, Xingcai, 2018. "Influences of fuel injection strategies on combustion performance and regular/irregular emissions in a turbocharged gasoline direct injection engine: Commercial gasoline versus multi-components gasoli," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 173-187.
    4. Zheng, Junnian & Caton, Jerald A., 2012. "Effects of operating parameters on nitrogen oxides emissions for a natural gas fueled homogeneous charged compression ignition engine (HCCI): Results from a thermodynamic model with detailed chemistry," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 386-394.
    5. Saravanan, S. & Nagarajan, G. & Anand, S. & Sampath, S., 2012. "Correlation for thermal NOx formation in compression ignition (CI) engine fuelled with diesel and biodiesel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 401-410.
    6. Muslim, Mohd Taufiq & Selamat, Hazlina & Alimin, Ahmad Jais & Mohd Rohi, Noorfaizah & Hushim, Mohd Faisal, 2014. "A review on retrofit fuel injection technology for small carburetted motorcycle engines towards lower fuel consumption and cleaner exhaust emission," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 279-284.
    7. Shim, Euijoon & Park, Hyunwook & Bae, Choongsik, 2018. "Intake air strategy for low HC and CO emissions in dual-fuel (CNG-diesel) premixed charge compression ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 1068-1077.
    8. Zheng, Zhaolei & Lv, Zhumei, 2015. "A new skeletal chemical kinetic model of gasoline surrogate fuel with nitric oxide in HCCI combustion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 59-66.
    9. Iodice, Paolo & Senatore, Adolfo & Langella, Giuseppe & Amoresano, Amedeo, 2016. "Effect of ethanol–gasoline blends on CO and HC emissions in last generation SI engines within the cold-start transient: An experimental investigation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 182-190.
    10. Park, Cheolwoong & Kim, Sungdae & Kim, Hongsuk & Moriyoshi, Yasuo, 2012. "Stratified lean combustion characteristics of a spray-guided combustion system in a gasoline direct injection engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 401-407.
    11. Wang, Xin & Zhang, Hongguang & Yao, Baofeng & Lei, Yan & Sun, Xiaona & Wang, Daojing & Ge, Yunshan, 2012. "Experimental study on factors affecting lean combustion limit of S.I engine fueled with compressed natural gas and hydrogen blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 58-65.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Nguyen, Dinh Duc & Moghaddam, Hesam & Pirouzfar, Vahid & Fayyazbakhsh, Ahmad & Su, Chia-Hung, 2021. "Improving the gasoline properties by blending butanol-Al2O3 to optimize the engine performance and reduce air pollution," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    2. Chen, Yangyang & Liu, Aodong & Deng, Banglin & Xu, Zhenxin & Feng, Renhua & Fu, Jianqin & Liu, Xiaoqiang & Zhang, Guoqing & Zhou, Lili, 2019. "The influences of ignition modes on the performances for a motorcycle single cylinder gasoline engine at lean burn operation: Looking inside interaction between flame front and turbulence," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 528-541.
    3. Zhao, Zhenghong & Zhang, Zewu & Zha, Xiaojian & Gao, Ge & Li, Xiaoshan & Wu, Fan & Luo, Cong & Zhang, Liqi, 2023. "Internal association between combustion behavior and NOx emissions of pulverized coal MILD-oxy combustion affected by adding H2O," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PD).
    4. Wang, Bin & Xie, Fangxi & Hong, Wei & Du, Jiakun & Chen, Hong & Li, Xiaoping, 2023. "Extending ultra-lean burn performance of high compression ratio pre-chamber jet ignition engines based on injection strategy and optimized structure," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    5. Duan, Xiongbo & Feng, Lining & Liu, Haibo & Jiang, Pengfei & Chen, Chao & Sun, Zhiqiang, 2023. "Experimental investigation on exhaust emissions of a heavy-duty vehicle powered by a methanol-fuelled spark ignition engine under world Harmonized Transient Cycle and actual on-road driving conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    6. Lee, Cho-Yu & Vo, Dai-Qui, 2021. "Influence of cold-start time reduction on scooter emissions and fuel consumption over WMTC cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    7. Tian, Lu & Lin, Kunsen & Zhao, Youcai & Zhao, Chunlong & Huang, Qifei & Zhou, Tao, 2022. "Combustion performance of fine screenings from municipal solid waste: Thermo-kinetic investigation and deep learning modeling via TG-FTIR," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    8. Feng, Renhua & Li, Guanghua & Sun, Zhengwei & Hu, Xiulin & Deng, Banglin & Fu, Jianqin, 2023. "Potential of emission reduction of a turbo-charged non-road diesel engine without aftertreatment under multiple operating scenarios," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PB).
    9. Qiao, Junhao & Liu, Jingping & Liang, Jichao & Jia, Dongdong & Wang, Rumin & Shen, Dazi & Duan, Xiongbo, 2023. "Experimental investigation the effects of Miller cycle coupled with asynchronous intake valves on cycle-to-cycle variations and performance of the SI engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PD).
    10. Tamilvanan, A. & Mohanraj, T. & Ashok, B. & Santhoshkumar, A., 2023. "Enhancement of energy conversion and emission reduction of Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel in diesel engine using reactivity controlled compression ignition strategy and TOPSIS optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    11. Fu, Jianqin & Deng, Banglin & Liu, Xiaoqiang & Shu, Jun & Xu, Ying & Liu, Jingping, 2020. "The experimental study on transient emissions and engine behaviors of a sporting motorcycle under World Motorcycle Test Cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    12. Catapano, Francesco & Di Iorio, Silvana & Magno, Agnese & Vaglieco, Bianca Maria, 2022. "Effect of fuel quality on combustion evolution and particle emissions from PFI and GDI engines fueled with gasoline, ethanol and blend, with focus on 10–23 nm particles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PB).
    13. Abdulrahman Abdullah Bahashwan & Rosdiazli Bin Ibrahim & Madiah Binti Omar & Mochammad Faqih, 2022. "The Lean Blowout Prediction Techniques in Lean Premixed Gas Turbine: An Overview," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-21, November.
    14. Jiangtao Feng & Jiaqi Geng & Hangyu She & Tao Zhang & Bo Chi & Jian Pu, 2022. "Thermal Stress Simulation and Structure Failure Analyses of Nitrogen–Oxygen Sensors under a Gradual Temperature Field," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-11, April.
    15. Chiet Choo, Edwin Jia & Cheng, Xinwei & Scribano, Gianfranco & Ng, Hoon Kiat & Gan, Suyin, 2023. "Numerical investigation on the temporal and quasi-steady state soot characteristics of n-dodecane-n-butanol spray combustion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    16. Zhang, Zhongbo & Wan, Weijian & Zhang, Wencan & Liu, Qin & Zhao, Rongchao & Chen, Youpeng & Qin, Qichao, 2022. "Research of the impacts of in-cylinder steam injection and ignition timing on the performance and NO emission of a LPG engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PB).
    17. Xia, Yan & Li, Yangyang & Liao, Cheng & Liu, Jingping & Wang, Shuqian & Qiao, Junhao & Zhang, Shijia, 2021. "On the quantitative relationship of the in-cylinder heat to work conversion process of natural gas spark ignited engine under steady state and transient operation conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Fu, Jianqin & Deng, Banglin & Liu, Xiaoqiang & Shu, Jun & Xu, Ying & Liu, Jingping, 2020. "The experimental study on transient emissions and engine behaviors of a sporting motorcycle under World Motorcycle Test Cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    2. Banglin Deng & Weijiao Yu & Lili Zhou & Chengqi Sun, 2023. "A Comparative Investigation of the Emissions of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine under World Harmonized Transient Cycle and Road Spectrum Cycle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-18, December.
    3. Han, Dandan & E, Jiaqiang & Deng, Yuanwang & Chen, Jingwei & Leng, Erwei & Liao, Gaoliang & Zhao, Xiaohuan & Feng, Changling & Zhang, Feng, 2021. "A review of studies using hydrocarbon adsorption material for reducing hydrocarbon emissions from cold start of gasoline engine," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    4. Liu, Xinlei & Wang, Hu & Wang, Xiaofeng & Zheng, Zunqing & Yao, Mingfa, 2017. "Experimental and modelling investigations of the diesel surrogate fuels in direct injection compression ignition combustion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 187-200.
    5. Kim, Hyung Jun & Jo, Seongin & Lee, Jong-Tae & Park, Suhan, 2020. "Biodiesel fueled combustion performance and emission characteristics under various intake air temperature and injection timing conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
    6. Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir & Eryilmaz, Tanzer & Arslan, Mevlüt, 2018. "A comparative analysis of the engine performance, exhaust emissions and combustion behaviors of a compression ignition engine fuelled with biodiesel/diesel/1-butanol (C4 alcohol) and biodiesel/diesel/," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 1332-1351.
    7. Kim, Keunsoo & Kim, Junghwan & Oh, Seungmook & Kim, Changup & Lee, Yonggyu, 2017. "Evaluation of injection and ignition schemes for the ultra-lean combustion direct-injection LPG engine to control particulate emissions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 123-135.
    8. Jiang, Chenxu & Li, Zilong & Qian, Yong & Wang, Xiaole & Zhang, Yahui & Lu, Xingcai, 2018. "Influences of fuel injection strategies on combustion performance and regular/irregular emissions in a turbocharged gasoline direct injection engine: Commercial gasoline versus multi-components gasoli," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 173-187.
    9. Choi, Sun & Lee, Seungro & Kwon, Oh Chae, 2015. "Extinction limits and structure of counterflow nonpremixed hydrogen-doped ammonia/air flames at elevated temperatures," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 503-510.
    10. Sun, Zuo-Yu & Li, Guo-Xiu, 2016. "Propagation characteristics of laminar spherical flames within homogeneous hydrogen-air mixtures," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(P1), pages 116-127.
    11. Gao, Zhiming & Curran, Scott J. & Parks, James E. & Smith, David E. & Wagner, Robert M. & Daw, C. Stuart & Edwards, K. Dean & Thomas, John F., 2015. "Drive cycle simulation of high efficiency combustions on fuel economy and exhaust properties in light-duty vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 762-776.
    12. Dhamodaran, Gopinath & Esakkimuthu, Ganapathy Sundaram & Pochareddy, Yashwanth Kutti & Sivasubramanian, Harish, 2017. "Investigation of n-butanol as fuel in a four-cylinder MPFI SI engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 726-735.
    13. Chang, Yu-Cheng & Lee, Wen-Jhy & Wu, Tser Son & Wu, Chang-Yu & Chen, Shui-Jen, 2014. "Use of water containing acetone–butanol–ethanol for NOx-PM (nitrogen oxide-particulate matter) trade-off in the diesel engine fueled with biodiesel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 678-687.
    14. Mendiburu, Andrés Z. & Lauermann, Carlos H. & Hayashi, Thamy C. & Mariños, Diego J. & Rodrigues da Costa, Roberto Berlini & Coronado, Christian J.R. & Roberts, Justo J. & de Carvalho, João A., 2022. "Ethanol as a renewable biofuel: Combustion characteristics and application in engines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    15. Saravanan, S. & Nagarajan, G. & Lakshmi Narayana Rao, G. & Sampath, S., 2014. "Theoretical and experimental investigation on effect of injection timing on NOx emission of biodiesel blend," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 216-221.
    16. Jhang, Syu-Ruei & Lin, Yuan-Chung & Chen, Kang-Shin & Lin, Sheng-Lun & Batterman, Stuart, 2020. "Evaluation of fuel consumption, pollutant emissions and well-to-wheel GHGs assessment from a vehicle operation fueled with bioethanol, gasoline and hydrogen," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    17. Cheolwoong Park & Taeyoung Kim & Gyubaek Cho & Janghee Lee, 2016. "Combustion and Emission Characteristics According to the Fuel Injection Ratio of an Ultra-Lean LPG Direct Injection Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-12, November.
    18. Zhang, Zhijin & Zhang, Haiyan & Wang, Tianyou & Jia, Ming, 2014. "Effects of tumble combined with EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) on the combustion and emissions in a spark ignition engine at part loads," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 18-24.
    19. Xiao, Gang & Jia, Ming & Wang, Tianyou, 2016. "Large eddy simulation of n-heptane spray combustion in partially premixed combustion regime with linear eddy model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 20-35.
    20. Duarte, Jorge & Amador, Germán & Garcia, Jesus & Fontalvo, Armando & Vasquez Padilla, Ricardo & Sanjuan, Marco & Gonzalez Quiroga, Arturo, 2014. "Auto-ignition control in turbocharged internal combustion engines operating with gaseous fuels," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 137-147.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:169:y:2019:i:c:p:1202-1213. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.