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Effect of fuel quality on combustion evolution and particle emissions from PFI and GDI engines fueled with gasoline, ethanol and blend, with focus on 10–23 nm particles

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  • Catapano, Francesco
  • Di Iorio, Silvana
  • Magno, Agnese
  • Vaglieco, Bianca Maria

Abstract

The European Commission is planning to lower the particle cut off size down to 10 nm to consider the contribution of the sub-23 nm particles. Within the European project Sureal-23, a comprehensive study on the sub-23 nm particles was performed and novel technologies for their sampling and measurement were developed. One new proposed instrument, the Half Mini Differential Mobility Analyser (HM-DMA), was used in the present study. The investigation was carried out on a small direct/port fuel injection, spark ignition engine fueled with gasoline, ethanol and a 30 %v/v ethanol blend. Results highlighted a general reduction of the number and the size of the particles emitted by pure ethanol. The effect of the ethanol blend on sub-23 nm particle emissions was affected by the operating condition and the injection strategy. The extent of the VOF depends on the fuels as well as on the engine configuration and operating condition. Some differences were noted between the results from EEPS and HM-DMA ascribable to the different measurement principle and to the processes occurring in the dilution system.

Suggested Citation

  • Catapano, Francesco & Di Iorio, Silvana & Magno, Agnese & Vaglieco, Bianca Maria, 2022. "Effect of fuel quality on combustion evolution and particle emissions from PFI and GDI engines fueled with gasoline, ethanol and blend, with focus on 10–23 nm particles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PB).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:239:y:2022:i:pb:s0360544221024464
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.122198
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Sathish Kumar, T. & Ashok, B., 2024. "Development of combustion control map for flex fuel operation in methanol powered direct injection SI engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
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    3. Kim, Taehoon & Moon, Junghwan & Jeon, Joonho, 2023. "Characterization of in-cylinder spatiotemporal flame and solid particle emissions for ethanol-gasoline blended in gasoline direct injection engines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    4. Jufang Zhang & Xiumin Yu & Zezhou Guo & Yinan Li & Jiahua Zhang & Dongjie Liu, 2022. "Study on Combustion and Emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine with Gasoline Port Injection Plus Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol (ABE) Direct Injection under Different Speeds and Loads," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-22, September.
    5. Francesco Catapano & Silvana Di Iorio & Agnese Magno & Paolo Sementa & Bianca Maria Vaglieco, 2022. "Measurement of Sub-23 nm Particles Emitted from PFI/DI SI Engine Fueled with Oxygenated Fuels: A Comparison between Conventional and Novel Methodologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-14, March.
    6. Muhamad Norkhizan Abdullah & Ahmad Fitri Yusop & Rizalman Mamat & Mohd Adnin Hamidi & Kumarasamy Sudhakar & Talal Yusaf, 2023. "Sustainable Biofuels from First Three Alcohol Families: A Critical Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-21, January.
    7. Zhen Shang & Yao Sun & Xiumin Yu & Ling He & Luquan Ren, 2023. "Effect of Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Direct Injection on Combustion and Emissions in a Combined Fuel Injection—Spark-Ignition Engine," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-15, May.
    8. Liu, Shang & Lin, Zhelong & Zhang, Hao & Fan, Qinhao & Lei, Nuo & Wang, Zhi, 2023. "Experimental study on combustion and emission characteristics of ethanol-gasoline blends in a high compression ratio SI engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).

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