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Pricing model for the charging of electric vehicles based on system dynamics in Beijing

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  • Zhang, Xingping
  • Liang, Yanni
  • Liu, Wenfeng

Abstract

This paper proposes a system dynamics model to develop a real-time charge pricing (RCP) mechanism of electric vehicles (EVs). The model includes six modules: power consumption of EVs, generator set dispatching, charge pricing, user response, benefit evaluation of all stakeholders and charging stations' life-cycle net income. We consider four charge pricing scenarios and design a RCP mechanism for Beijing according to the simulation results. Sensitivity analysis proves that the model is robust, and the increased charging power of EVs is beneficial for charging service operators. The empirical results indicate that RCP based on the peak-valley time-of-use tariff is propitious for the existing development scale of EVs. In addition, the government subsidies are important to drive EV development in the initial period. However, it should be phased out to reduce the financial burden accompanying the amplification of the scale of EVs.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Xingping & Liang, Yanni & Liu, Wenfeng, 2017. "Pricing model for the charging of electric vehicles based on system dynamics in Beijing," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 218-234.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:119:y:2017:i:c:p:218-234
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.12.057
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    7. Xingping Zhang & Yanni Liang & Yakun Zhang & Yinhe Bu & Hongyang Zhang, 2017. "Charge Pricing Optimization Model for Private Charging Piles in Beijing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-15, November.
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    11. Zhang, Qi & Li, Hailong & Zhu, Lijing & Campana, Pietro Elia & Lu, Huihui & Wallin, Fredrik & Sun, Qie, 2018. "Factors influencing the economics of public charging infrastructures for EV – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 500-509.
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    13. Baur, Lucia & Uriona M., Mauricio, 2018. "Diffusion of photovoltaic technology in Germany: A sustainable success or an illusion driven by guaranteed feed-in tariffs?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 289-298.
    14. Marco Pasetti & Stefano Rinaldi & Alessandra Flammini & Michela Longo & Federica Foiadelli, 2019. "Assessment of Electric Vehicle Charging Costs in Presence of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation and Variable Electricity Tariffs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-20, February.
    15. Han, Xiaojuan & Liang, Yubo & Ai, Yaoyao & Li, Jianlin, 2018. "Economic evaluation of a PV combined energy storage charging station based on cost estimation of second-use batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 326-339.
    16. He, Yongxiu & Zhang, Qi & Pang, Yuexia, 2017. "The development pattern design of Chinese electric vehicles based on the analysis of the critical price of the life cycle cost," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 382-388.
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