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The impact of Zero Energy Buildings on the Scandinavian energy system

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  • Seljom, Pernille
  • Lindberg, Karen Byskov
  • Tomasgard, Asgeir
  • Doorman, Gerard
  • Sartori, Igor

Abstract

This paper investigates how an extensive implementation of net Zero Energy Buildings (ZEBs) affects cost-optimal investments in the Scandinavian energy system towards 2050. Analyses are done by a stochastic TIMES model with an explicit representation of the short-term uncertainty related to electricity supply and heat demand in buildings. We define a nearly ZEB to be a highly efficient building with on-site PV production. To evaluate the flexibility requirement of the surrounding energy system, we consider no use of energy storage within the ZEBs. The results show that ZEBs reduce the investments in non-flexible hydropower, wind power and Combined Heat and Power, and increase the use of direct electric heating and electric boilers. With building integrated PV production of 53 TWh in 2050, ZEBs increase the Scandinavian electricity generation by 16 TWh and increase the net electricity export by 19 TWh. Although the increased production reduces the electricity prices, the low heat demand in ZEBs gives a drop in the electricity consumption by 4 TWh in 2050. Finally, the results demonstrate that the Scandinavian energy system is capable of integrating a large amount of ZEBs with intermittent PV production due to the flexible hydropower in Norway and Sweden.

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  • Seljom, Pernille & Lindberg, Karen Byskov & Tomasgard, Asgeir & Doorman, Gerard & Sartori, Igor, 2017. "The impact of Zero Energy Buildings on the Scandinavian energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 284-296.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:118:y:2017:i:c:p:284-296
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.12.008
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    17. Carine Lausselet & Linda Ager‐Wick Ellingsen & Anders Hammer Strømman & Helge Brattebø, 2020. "A life‐cycle assessment model for zero emission neighborhoods," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 24(3), pages 500-516, June.
    18. Golombek, Rolf & Lind, Arne & Ringkjøb, Hans-Kristian & Seljom, Pernille, 2022. "The role of transmission and energy storage in European decarbonization towards 2050," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PC).
    19. Reda, Francesco & Paiho, Satu & Pasonen, Riku & Helm, Martin & Menhart, Florian & Schex, Richard & Laitinen, Ari, 2020. "Comparison of solar assisted heat pump solutions for office building applications in Northern climate," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 1392-1417.
    20. Barbero, Mattia & Corchero, Cristina & Canals Casals, Lluc & Igualada, Lucia & Heredia, F.-Javier, 2020. "Critical evaluation of European balancing markets to enable the participation of Demand Aggregators," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    21. Kalhori, M. Rostam Niakan & Emami, I. Taheri & Fallahi, F. & Tabarzadi, M., 2022. "A data-driven knowledge-based system with reasoning under uncertain evidence for regional long-term hourly load forecasting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 314(C).
    22. Reda, Francesco & Fatima, Zarrin, 2019. "Northern European nearly zero energy building concepts for apartment buildings using integrated solar technologies and dynamic occupancy profile: Focus on Finland and other Northern European countries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C), pages 598-617.
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