IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/enepol/v132y2019icp723-735.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Barriers to hydro-power resource utilization in Pakistan: A mixed approach

Author

Listed:
  • Ullah, Kafait
  • Raza, Muhammad Shabbar
  • Mirza, Faisal Mehmood

Abstract

The share of hydro power in the energy mix of Pakistan has not exceeded beyond 40% despite abundant hydro-power potential in the country. Owing to the slow pace of hydro-power development under the public sector, various policy frameworks and institutional arrangements have been introduced to develop the resources by involving the private sector. Even those arrangements have not succeeded in directing the attention of private investment towards the hydropower but the thermal sector. This study investigates the reasons behind the slow progress of hydro-power sector in Pakistan. A mixed approach comprising NVIVO analysis and Q methodology has been used to explore the impending reasons. Both, primary and secondary data, in the form of interviews, published reports, papers and other documents related to the hydro-power sector of Pakistan were collected for the analysis purpose. NVIVO analysis of primary and secondary data identified important variables that were further used for Q methodology. Q methodology revealed four important discourses on barriers to the hydro-power development in Pakistan. Discourses included less participation of private sector in running the electricity market operations, incoherent planning, financial barriers and institutional barriers. The revelation of these discourses is important for framing policies on the development of indigenous renewable energy resources in Pakistan.

Suggested Citation

  • Ullah, Kafait & Raza, Muhammad Shabbar & Mirza, Faisal Mehmood, 2019. "Barriers to hydro-power resource utilization in Pakistan: A mixed approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 723-735.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:132:y:2019:i:c:p:723-735
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2019.06.030
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421519304008
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.06.030?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shahbaz, Muhammad, 2015. "Measuring Economic Cost of Electricity Shortage: Current Challenges and Future Prospects in Pakistan," MPRA Paper 67164, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 12 Oct 2015.
    2. Winkler, Jenny & Pudlik, Martin & Ragwitz, Mario & Pfluger, Benjamin, 2016. "The market value of renewable electricity – Which factors really matter?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 464-481.
    3. Sheikh, Munawar A., 2009. "Renewable energy resource potential in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(9), pages 2696-2702, December.
    4. Zhang, Dahai & Wang, Jiaqi & Lin, Yonggang & Si, Yulin & Huang, Can & Yang, Jing & Huang, Bin & Li, Wei, 2017. "Present situation and future prospect of renewable energy in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 865-871.
    5. Aized, Tauseef & Shahid, Muhammad & Bhatti, Amanat Ali & Saleem, Muhammad & Anandarajah, Gabrial, 2018. "Energy security and renewable energy policy analysis of Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 155-169.
    6. Sen, Souvik & Ganguly, Sourav, 2017. "Opportunities, barriers and issues with renewable energy development – A discussion," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1170-1181.
    7. Price, Trevor & Probert, Douglas, 1997. "Harnessing hydropower: A practical guide," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 57(2-3), pages 175-251, June.
    8. Khan, Rakhshanda, 2015. "Small Hydro Power in India: Is it a sustainable business?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 207-216.
    9. Cuppen, Eefje & Breukers, Sylvia & Hisschemöller, Matthijs & Bergsma, Emmy, 2010. "Q methodology to select participants for a stakeholder dialogue on energy options from biomass in the Netherlands," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(3), pages 579-591, January.
    10. Farooqui, Suhail Zaki, 2014. "Prospects of renewables penetration in the energy mix of Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 693-700.
    11. Shaikh, Faheemullah & Ji, Qiang & Fan, Ying, 2015. "The diagnosis of an electricity crisis and alternative energy development in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1172-1185.
    12. Igliński, Bartłomiej & Iglińska, Anna & Cichosz, Marcin & Kujawski, Wojciech & Buczkowski, Roman, 2016. "Renewable energy production in the Łódzkie Voivodeship. The PEST analysis of the RES in the voivodeship and in Poland," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 737-750.
    13. Sheikh, Munawar A., 2010. "Energy and renewable energy scenario of Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 354-363, January.
    14. Malik, Ihtisham Abdul & Siyal, Ghamz-e-Ali & Bin Abdullah, Alias & Alam, Arif & Zaman, Khalid & Kyophilavong, Phouphet & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Baloch, Siraj Ullah & Shams, Tauqeer, 2014. "Turn on the lights: Macroeconomic factors affecting renewable energy in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 277-284.
    15. Zalengera, Collen & Blanchard, Richard E. & Eames, Philip C. & Juma, Alnord M. & Chitawo, Maxon L. & Gondwe, Kondwani T., 2014. "Overview of the Malawi energy situation and A PESTLE analysis for sustainable development of renewable energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 335-347.
    16. Mirza, Umar K. & Ahmad, Nasir & Majeed, Tariq & Harijan, Khanji, 2008. "Hydropower use in Pakistan: Past, present and future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 12(6), pages 1641-1651, August.
    17. Batool, Aysha & Abbas, Faisal, 2017. "Reasons for delay in selected hydro-power projects in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 196-204.
    18. Balkhair, Khaled S. & Rahman, Khalil Ur, 2017. "Sustainable and economical small-scale and low-head hydropower generation: A promising alternative potential solution for energy generation at local and regional scale," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 378-391.
    19. Stokes, Leah C., 2013. "The politics of renewable energy policies: The case of feed-in tariffs in Ontario, Canada," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 490-500.
    20. Ghafoor, Abdul & Rehman, Tanzeel ur & Munir, Anjum & Ahmad, Manzoor & Iqbal, Muhammad, 2016. "Current status and overview of renewable energy potential in Pakistan for continuous energy sustainability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 1332-1342.
    21. Bhutto, Abdul Waheed & Bazmi, Aqeel Ahmed & Zahedi, Gholamreza, 2012. "Greener energy: Issues and challenges for Pakistan—Solar energy prospective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 2762-2780.
    22. Kumar Sharma, Ameesh & Thakur, N.S., 2017. "Assessing the impact of small hydropower projects in Jammu and Kashmir: A study from north-western Himalayan region of India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 679-693.
    23. repec:ipg:wpaper:2014-518 is not listed on IDEAS
    24. Valasai, Gordhan Das & Uqaili, Muhammad Aslam & Memon, HafeezUr Rahman & Samoo, Saleem Raza & Mirjat, Nayyar Hussain & Harijan, Khanji, 2017. "Overcoming electricity crisis in Pakistan: A review of sustainable electricity options," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 734-745.
    25. Iqbal, Jamshed & Khan, Zeashan Hameed, 2017. "The potential role of renewable energy sources in robot's power system: A case study of Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 106-122.
    26. Malik, Ihtisham Abdul & Siyal, Ghamz-e-Ali & Abdullah, Alias Bin & Alam, Arif & Zaman, Khalid & Kyophilavong, Phouphet & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Baloch, Siraj Ullah & Shams, Tauqeer, 2014. "Turn on the Lights: Macroeconomic Factors Affecting Renewable in Pakistan," MPRA Paper 56828, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 23 Jun 2014.
    27. Wirba, Asan Vernyuy & Abubakar Mas'ud, Abdullahi & Muhammad-Sukki, Firdaus & Ahmad, Salman & Mat Tahar, Razman & Abdul Rahim, Ruzairi & Munir, Abu Bakar & Karim, Md Ershadul, 2015. "Renewable energy potentials in Cameroon: Prospects and challenges," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 560-565.
    28. Yuksel, I., 2010. "As a renewable energy hydropower for sustainable development in Turkey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(9), pages 3213-3219, December.
    29. Rauf, Omer & Wang, Shujie & Yuan, Peng & Tan, Junzhe, 2015. "An overview of energy status and development in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 892-931.
    30. Bartle, Alison, 2002. "Hydropower potential and development activities," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 30(14), pages 1231-1239, November.
    31. Rafique, M. Mujahid & Rehman, S., 2017. "National energy scenario of Pakistan – Current status, future alternatives, and institutional infrastructure: An overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 156-167.
    32. Ullah, Kafait & Arentsen, Maarten J. & Lovett, Jon C., 2017. "Institutional determinants of power sector reform in Pakistan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 332-339.
    33. Cherni, Judith A. & Kentish, Joanna, 2007. "Renewable energy policy and electricity market reforms in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(7), pages 3616-3629, July.
    34. Eleftheriadis, Iordanis M. & Anagnostopoulou, Evgenia G., 2015. "Identifying barriers in the diffusion of renewable energy sources," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 153-164.
    35. Eser, Patrick & Singh, Antriksh & Chokani, Ndaona & Abhari, Reza S., 2016. "Effect of increased renewables generation on operation of thermal power plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 723-732.
    36. Panić, Milena & Urošev, Marko & Milanović Pešić, Ana & Brankov, Jovana & Bjeljac, Željko, 2013. "Small hydropower plants in Serbia: Hydropower potential, current state and perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 341-349.
    37. Bhutto, Abdul Waheed & Bazmi, Aqeel Ahmed & Zahedi, Gholamreza, 2012. "Greener energy: Issues and challenges for Pakistan-hydel power prospective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 2732-2746.
    38. Gaudard, Ludovic & Avanzi, Francesco & De Michele, Carlo, 2018. "Seasonal aspects of the energy-water nexus: The case of a run-of-the-river hydropower plant," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 604-612.
    39. Díaz, Paula & Adler, Carolina & Patt, Anthony, 2017. "Do stakeholders’ perspectives on renewable energy infrastructure pose a risk to energy policy implementation? A case of a hydropower plant in Switzerland," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 21-28.
    40. Shakeel, Shah Rukh & Takala, Josu & Shakeel, Waqas, 2016. "Renewable energy sources in power generation in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 421-434.
    41. K.C., Surendra & Khanal, Samir Kumar & Shrestha, Prachand & Lamsal, Buddhi, 2011. "Current status of renewable energy in Nepal: Opportunities and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(8), pages 4107-4117.
    42. Anwar, Javed, 2016. "Analysis of energy security, environmental emission and fuel import costs under energy import reduction targets: A case of Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 1065-1078.
    43. Krupa, Joel, 2012. "Identifying barriers to aboriginal renewable energy deployment in Canada," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 710-714.
    44. Dulal, Hari Bansha & Shah, Kalim U. & Sapkota, Chandan & Uma, Gengaiah & Kandel, Bibek R., 2013. "Renewable energy diffusion in Asia: Can it happen without government support?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 301-311.
    45. Li, Yun & Li, Yanbin & Ji, Pengfei & Yang, Jing, 2015. "The status quo analysis and policy suggestions on promoting China׳s hydropower development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1071-1079.
    46. Hussain, Anwar & Rahman, Muhammad & Memon, Junaid Alam, 2016. "Forecasting electricity consumption in Pakistan: the way forward," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 73-80.
    47. Chang, XiaoLin & Liu, Xinghong & Zhou, Wei, 2010. "Hydropower in China at present and its further development," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(11), pages 4400-4406.
    48. Mirza, Umar K. & Ahmad, Nasir & Harijan, Khanji & Majeed, Tariq, 2009. "Identifying and addressing barriers to renewable energy development in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(4), pages 927-931, May.
    49. Sovacool, Benjamin K. & Dhakal, Saroj & Gippner, Olivia & Bambawale, Malavika Jain, 2011. "Halting hydro: A review of the socio-technical barriers to hydroelectric power plants in Nepal," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 3468-3476.
    50. Koch, Frans H., 2002. "Hydropower--the politics of water and energy: Introduction and overview," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 30(14), pages 1207-1213, November.
    51. Yoon, Jong-Han & Sim, Kwang-ho, 2015. "Why is South Korea's renewable energy policy failing? A qualitative evaluation," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 369-379.
    52. Matinga, Margaret N. & Pinedo-Pascua, Irene & Vervaeke, Jonathan & Monforti-Ferrario, Fabio & Szabó, Sándor, 2014. "Do African and European energy stakeholders agree on key energy drivers in Africa? Using Q methodology to understand perceptions on energy access debates," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 154-164.
    53. Ashraf Chaudhry, M. & Raza, R. & Hayat, S.A., 2009. "Renewable energy technologies in Pakistan: Prospects and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(6-7), pages 1657-1662, August.
    54. Qazi, Usama & Jahanzaib, Mirza & Ahmad, Wasim & Hussain, Salman, 2017. "An institutional framework for the development of sustainable and competitive power market in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 83-95.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Abdullah, Fahad Bin & Iqbal, Rizwan & Hyder, Syed Irfan & Jawaid, Mohammad, 2020. "Energy security indicators for Pakistan: An integrated approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    2. Tiep, Nguyen Cong & Wang, Mengqi & Mohsin, Muhammad & Kamran, Hafiz Waqas & Yazdi, Farzaneh Ahmadian, 2021. "An assessment of power sector reforms and utility performance to strengthen consumer self-confidence towards private investment," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 676-689.
    3. Jan, Muhammad Zain & Ullah, Kafait & Abbas, Faisal & Khalid, Hassan Abdullah & Bajwa, Tariq M., 2023. "Barriers to the adoption of social welfare measures in the electricity tariff structure of developing countries: A case of Pakistan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    4. Sulman Shahzad & Muhammad Abbas Abbasi & Hassan Ali & Muhammad Iqbal & Rania Munir & Heybet Kilic, 2023. "Possibilities, Challenges, and Future Opportunities of Microgrids: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-28, April.
    5. Fahad Bin Abdullah & Rizwan Iqbal & Sadique Ahmad & Mohammed A. El-Affendi & Maria Abdullah, 2022. "An Empirical Analysis of Sustainable Energy Security for Energy Policy Recommendations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-28, May.
    6. Schulz, Christopher & Saklani, Udisha, 2021. "The future of hydropower development in Nepal: Views from the private sector," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1578-1588.
    7. Fahad Bin Abdullah & Rizwan Iqbal & Sadique Ahmad & Mohammed A. El-Affendi & Pardeep Kumar, 2022. "Optimization of Multidimensional Energy Security: An Index Based Assessment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-25, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wajahat Ullah Khan Tareen & Zuha Anjum & Nabila Yasin & Leenah Siddiqui & Ifzana Farhat & Suheel Abdullah Malik & Saad Mekhilef & Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian & Ben Horan & Mohamed Darwish & Muhammad Aamir &, 2018. "The Prospective Non-Conventional Alternate and Renewable Energy Sources in Pakistan—A Focus on Biomass Energy for Power Generation, Transportation, and Industrial Fuel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-49, September.
    2. Aized, Tauseef & Shahid, Muhammad & Bhatti, Amanat Ali & Saleem, Muhammad & Anandarajah, Gabrial, 2018. "Energy security and renewable energy policy analysis of Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 155-169.
    3. Ashfaq, Asad & Ianakiev, Anton, 2018. "Features of fully integrated renewable energy atlas for Pakistan; wind, solar and cooling," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 14-27.
    4. Tahir, Z.R. & Asim, Muhammad, 2018. "Surface measured solar radiation data and solar energy resource assessment of Pakistan: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 2839-2861.
    5. Mirjat, Nayyar Hussain & Uqaili, Mohammad Aslam & Harijan, Khanji & Valasai, Gordhan Das & Shaikh, Faheemullah & Waris, M., 2017. "A review of energy and power planning and policies of Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 110-127.
    6. Abdullah, Fahad Bin & Iqbal, Rizwan & Hyder, Syed Irfan & Jawaid, Mohammad, 2020. "Energy security indicators for Pakistan: An integrated approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    7. Solangi, Yasir Ahmed & Longsheng, Cheng & Shah, Syed Ahsan Ali, 2021. "Assessing and overcoming the renewable energy barriers for sustainable development in Pakistan: An integrated AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 209-222.
    8. Kamran, Muhammad & Fazal, Muhammad Rayyan & Mudassar, Muhammad, 2020. "Towards empowerment of the renewable energy sector in Pakistan for sustainable energy evolution: SWOT analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 543-558.
    9. Jamil, Rehan, 2020. "Hydroelectricity consumption forecast for Pakistan using ARIMA modeling and supply-demand analysis for the year 2030," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 1-10.
    10. Leezna Saleem & Imran Ahmad Siddiqui & Intikhab Ulfat, 2021. "The prioritization of renewable energy technologies in Pakistan: An urgent need," ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2021(1), pages 81-103.
    11. Shaikh, Faheemullah & Ji, Qiang & Fan, Ying, 2015. "The diagnosis of an electricity crisis and alternative energy development in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1172-1185.
    12. Rauf, Huzaifa & Gull, Muhammad Shuzub & Arshad, Naveed, 2020. "Complementing hydroelectric power with floating solar PV for daytime peak electricity demand," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1227-1242.
    13. Maqbool, Rashid, 2018. "Efficiency and effectiveness of factors affecting renewable energy projects; an empirical perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 944-956.
    14. Syed Aziz Ur Rehman & Yanpeng Cai & Rizwan Fazal & Gordhan Das Walasai & Nayyar Hussain Mirjat, 2017. "An Integrated Modeling Approach for Forecasting Long-Term Energy Demand in Pakistan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-23, November.
    15. Hussain, Abid & Sarangi, Gopal K. & Pandit, Anju & Ishaq, Sultan & Mamnun, Nabir & Ahmad, Bashir & Jamil, Muhammad Khalid, 2019. "Hydropower development in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region: Issues, policies and opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 446-461.
    16. Ali, Muhammad Rizwan & Shafiq, Muhammad, 2021. "Revealing expert perspectives on challenges to electricity Demand-Side Management in Pakistan: An application of Q-Methodology," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    17. Abbas Ali Chandio & Abdul Rauf & Yuansheng Jiang & Ilhan Ozturk & Fayyaz Ahmad, 2019. "Cointegration and Causality Analysis of Dynamic Linkage between Industrial Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-18, August.
    18. Ghafoor, Abdul & Rehman, Tanzeel ur & Munir, Anjum & Ahmad, Manzoor & Iqbal, Muhammad, 2016. "Current status and overview of renewable energy potential in Pakistan for continuous energy sustainability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 1332-1342.
    19. Valasai, Gordhan Das & Uqaili, Muhammad Aslam & Memon, HafeezUr Rahman & Samoo, Saleem Raza & Mirjat, Nayyar Hussain & Harijan, Khanji, 2017. "Overcoming electricity crisis in Pakistan: A review of sustainable electricity options," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 734-745.
    20. Ghimire, Laxman Prasad & Kim, Yeonbae, 2018. "An analysis on barriers to renewable energy development in the context of Nepal using AHP," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(PA), pages 446-456.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:132:y:2019:i:c:p:723-735. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/enpol .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.