IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ecosta/v33y2025icp1-12.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Inference in mixed causal and noncausal models with generalized Student’s t-distributions

Author

Listed:
  • Giancaterini, Francesco
  • Hecq, Alain

Abstract

The properties of Maximum Likelihood estimator in mixed causal and noncausal models with a generalized Student’s t error process are reviewed. Several known existing methods are typically not applicable in the heavy-tailed framework. To this end, a new approach to make inference on causal and noncausal parameters in finite sample sizes is proposed. It exploits the empirical variance of the generalized Student’s t, without the existence of population variance. Monte Carlo simulations show a good performance of the new variance construction for fat tail series. Finally, different existing approaches are compared using three empirical applications: the variation of daily COVID-19 deaths in Belgium, the monthly wheat prices, and the monthly inflation rate in Brazil.

Suggested Citation

  • Giancaterini, Francesco & Hecq, Alain, 2025. "Inference in mixed causal and noncausal models with generalized Student’s t-distributions," Econometrics and Statistics, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 1-12.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecosta:v:33:y:2025:i:c:p:1-12
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosta.2021.11.007
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452306221001386
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only. Contains open access articles

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.ecosta.2021.11.007?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to look for a different version below or search for a different version of it.

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hecq, Alain & Voisin, Elisa, 2021. "Forecasting bubbles with mixed causal-noncausal autoregressive models," Econometrics and Statistics, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 29-45.
    2. Andrews, Beth & Davis, Richard A., 2013. "Model identification for infinite variance autoregressive processes," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 172(2), pages 222-234.
    3. Alain Hecq & Joao Victor Issler & Sean Telg, 2020. "Mixed causal–noncausal autoregressions with exogenous regressors," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 35(3), pages 328-343, April.
    4. Alain Hecq & Lenard Lieb & Sean Telg, 2016. "Identification of Mixed Causal-Noncausal Models in Finite Samples," Annals of Economics and Statistics, GENES, issue 123-124, pages 307-331.
    5. Lanne, Markku & Saikkonen, Pentti, 2013. "Noncausal Vector Autoregression," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 29(3), pages 447-481, June.
    6. Tommaso Proietti, 2023. "Peaks, gaps, and time‐reversibility of economic time series," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(1), pages 43-68, January.
    7. Lanne, Markku & Saikkonen, Pentti, 2008. "Modeling Expectations with Noncausal Autoregressions," MPRA Paper 8411, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Andrews, Beth & Davis, Richard A. & Jay Breidt, F., 2006. "Maximum likelihood estimation for all-pass time series models," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 97(7), pages 1638-1659, August.
    9. Davis, Richard A. & Knight, Keith & Liu, Jian, 1992. "M-estimation for autoregressions with infinite variance," Stochastic Processes and their Applications, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 145-180, February.
    10. Frédérique Bec & Heino Bohn Nielsen & Sarra Saïdi, 2020. "Mixed Causal–Noncausal Autoregressions: Bimodality Issues in Estimation and Unit Root Testing," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 82(6), pages 1413-1428, December.
    11. Alain Hecq & Elisa Voisin, 2023. "Predicting Crashes in Oil Prices During The Covid-19 Pandemic with Mixed Causal-Noncausal Models," Advances in Econometrics, in: Essays in Honor of Joon Y. Park: Econometric Methodology in Empirical Applications, volume 45, pages 209-233, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
    12. Ramsey, James B & Rothman, Philip, 1996. "Time Irreversibility and Business Cycle Asymmetry," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 28(1), pages 1-21, February.
    13. Christian Gourieroux & Joann Jasiak & Michelle Tong, 2021. "Convolution‐based filtering and forecasting: An application to WTI crude oil prices," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(7), pages 1230-1244, November.
    14. Thaís C. O. Fonseca & Marco A. R. Ferreira & Helio S. Migon, 2008. "Objective Bayesian analysis for the Student-t regression model," Biometrika, Biometrika Trust, vol. 95(2), pages 325-333.
    15. Lanne Markku & Saikkonen Pentti, 2011. "Noncausal Autoregressions for Economic Time Series," Journal of Time Series Econometrics, De Gruyter, vol. 3(3), pages 1-32, October.
    16. Fries, Sébastien & Zakoian, Jean-Michel, 2019. "Mixed Causal-Noncausal Ar Processes And The Modelling Of Explosive Bubbles," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 35(6), pages 1234-1270, December.
    17. Lucia Alessi & Matteo Barigozzi & Marco Capasso, 2011. "Non‐Fundamentalness in Structural Econometric Models: A Review," International Statistical Review, International Statistical Institute, vol. 79(1), pages 16-47, April.
    18. Karapanagiotidis, Paul, 2014. "Dynamic modeling of commodity futures prices," MPRA Paper 56805, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Christian Gourieroux & Joann Jasiak, 2016. "Filtering, Prediction and Simulation Methods for Noncausal Processes," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(3), pages 405-430, May.
    20. Lof, Matthijs & Nyberg, Henri, 2017. "Noncausality and the commodity currency hypothesis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 424-433.
    21. Breid, F. Jay & Davis, Richard A. & Lh, Keh-Shin & Rosenblatt, Murray, 1991. "Maximum likelihood estimation for noncausal autoregressive processes," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 175-198, February.
    22. F. J. Breidt & R. A. Davis, 1992. "Time‐Reversibility, Identifiability And Independence Of Innovations For Stationary Time Series," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(5), pages 377-390, September.
    23. Giuseppe Cavaliere & Heino Bohn Nielsen & Anders Rahbek, 2020. "Bootstrapping Noncausal Autoregressions: With Applications to Explosive Bubble Modeling," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(1), pages 55-67, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Francesco Giancaterini & Alain Hecq & Claudio Morana, 2022. "Is Climate Change Time-Reversible?," Econometrics, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-18, December.
    2. Gianluca Cubadda & Francesco Giancaterini & Alain Hecq & Joann Jasiak, 2023. "Optimization of the Generalized Covariance Estimator in Noncausal Processes," Papers 2306.14653, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2024.
    3. Hecq, Alain & Issler, João Victor & Voisin, Elisa, 2024. "A short term credibility index for central banks under inflation targeting: An application to Brazil," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    4. Alain Hecq & Daniel Velasquez-Gaviria, 2025. "Explosive Episodes and Time-Varying Volatility: A New MARMA–GARCH Model Applied to Cryptocurrencies," Econometrics, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-25, March.
    5. Alain Hecq & Daniel Velasquez-Gaviria, 2022. "Spectral estimation for mixed causal-noncausal autoregressive models," Papers 2211.13830, arXiv.org.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Frédérique Bec & Heino Bohn Nielsen & Sarra Saïdi, 2020. "Mixed Causal–Noncausal Autoregressions: Bimodality Issues in Estimation and Unit Root Testing," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 82(6), pages 1413-1428, December.
    2. Hecq, Alain & Issler, João Victor & Voisin, Elisa, 2024. "A short term credibility index for central banks under inflation targeting: An application to Brazil," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    3. Alain Hecq & Daniel Velasquez-Gaviria, 2022. "Spectral estimation for mixed causal-noncausal autoregressive models," Papers 2211.13830, arXiv.org.
    4. Alain Hecq & Elisa Voisin, 2023. "Predicting Crashes in Oil Prices During The Covid-19 Pandemic with Mixed Causal-Noncausal Models," Advances in Econometrics, in: Essays in Honor of Joon Y. Park: Econometric Methodology in Empirical Applications, volume 45, pages 209-233, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
    5. Gianluca Cubadda & Francesco Giancaterini & Stefano Grassi, 2025. "Sequential Monte Carlo for Noncausal Processes," Papers 2501.03945, arXiv.org.
    6. Francesco Giancaterini & Alain Hecq & Joann Jasiak & Aryan Manafi Neyazi, 2025. "Regularized Generalized Covariance (RGCov) Estimator," Papers 2504.18678, arXiv.org.
    7. Alain Hecq & Sean Telg & Lenard Lieb, 2017. "Do Seasonal Adjustments Induce Noncausal Dynamics in Inflation Rates?," Econometrics, MDPI, vol. 5(4), pages 1-22, October.
    8. Gianluca Cubadda & Francesco Giancaterini & Alain Hecq & Joann Jasiak, 2023. "Optimization of the Generalized Covariance Estimator in Noncausal Processes," Papers 2306.14653, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2024.
    9. Alain Hecq & Li Sun, 2019. "Identification of Noncausal Models by Quantile Autoregressions," Papers 1904.05952, arXiv.org.
    10. Francesco Giancaterini & Alain Hecq & Claudio Morana, 2022. "Is Climate Change Time-Reversible?," Econometrics, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-18, December.
    11. Hecq, Alain & Voisin, Elisa, 2021. "Forecasting bubbles with mixed causal-noncausal autoregressive models," Econometrics and Statistics, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 29-45.
    12. Christian Gourieroux & Joann Jasiak & Michelle Tong, 2021. "Convolution‐based filtering and forecasting: An application to WTI crude oil prices," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(7), pages 1230-1244, November.
    13. F. Blasques & S.J. Koopman & G. Mingoli & S. Telg, 2024. "A Novel Test for the Presence of Local Explosive Dynamics," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 24-036/III, Tinbergen Institute.
    14. Hecq, Alain & Issler, João Victor & Telg, Sean, 2017. "Mixed Causal-Noncausal Autoregressions with Strictly Exogenous Regressors," MPRA Paper 80767, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Gourieroux, Christian & Jasiak, Joann, 2018. "Misspecification of noncausal order in autoregressive processes," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 205(1), pages 226-248.
    16. Gabriele Mingoli, 2024. "Modeling Common Bubbles: A Mixed Causal Non-Causal Dynamic Factor Model," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 24-072/III, Tinbergen Institute.
    17. Hecq, A.W. & Lieb, L.M. & Telg, J.M.A., 2015. "Identification of Mixed Causal-Noncausal Models : How Fat Should We Go?," Research Memorandum 035, Maastricht University, Graduate School of Business and Economics (GSBE).
    18. Davis, Richard A. & Song, Li, 2020. "Noncausal vector AR processes with application to economic time series," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 216(1), pages 246-267.
    19. Christian Gourieroux & Andrew Hencic & Joann Jasiak, 2021. "Forecast performance and bubble analysis in noncausal MAR(1, 1) processes," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(2), pages 301-326, March.
    20. Alain Hecq & Joao Victor Issler & Sean Telg, 2020. "Mixed causal–noncausal autoregressions with exogenous regressors," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 35(3), pages 328-343, April.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    MLE; noncausal models; generalized Student’s t-distribution; robust inference;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:ecosta:v:33:y:2025:i:c:p:1-12. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/econometrics-and-statistics .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.