IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ecolet/v259y2026ics0165176525006275.html

A generalization of the Parameterized Expectations Algorithm

Author

Listed:
  • Pascal, Julien

Abstract

I show that the Parameterized Expectations Algorithm (PEA) can be naturally generalized via the bias-corrected Monte Carlo (bc-MC) operator, initially proposed to solve economic models using neural networks. When combined with a parameterized expectations approach and under a linearity assumption on the conditional expectation, the gradient of the bc-MC loss function is equal to that of the PEA in a neighborhood of the model’s solution. This leads to a new variance-reduced computational approach to solve economic models, which I refer to as the bc-MC-PEA, extending the PEA to multiple innovation draws for each state vector draw.

Suggested Citation

  • Pascal, Julien, 2026. "A generalization of the Parameterized Expectations Algorithm," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecolet:v:259:y:2026:i:c:s0165176525006275
    DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112790
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165176525006275
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112790?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Marcet, Albert & Sargent, Thomas J., 1989. "Convergence of least squares learning mechanisms in self-referential linear stochastic models," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 48(2), pages 337-368, August.
    2. Pascal, Julien, 2024. "Artificial neural networks to solve dynamic programming problems: A bias-corrected Monte Carlo operator," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    3. Kenneth L. Judd & Lilia Maliar & Serguei Maliar, 2011. "Numerically stable and accurate stochastic simulation approaches for solving dynamic economic models," Quantitative Economics, Econometric Society, vol. 2(2), pages 173-210, July.
    4. den Haan, Wouter J & Marcet, Albert, 1990. "Solving the Stochastic Growth Model by Parameterizing Expectations," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 8(1), pages 31-34, January.
    5. George W. Evans, 2001. "Expectations in Macroeconomics. Adaptive versus Eductive Learning," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 52(3), pages 573-582.
    6. Tan, Ken Seng & Boyle, Phelim P., 2000. "Applications of randomized low discrepancy sequences to the valuation of complex securities," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 24(11-12), pages 1747-1782, October.
    7. Christiano, Lawrence J. & Fisher, Jonas D. M., 2000. "Algorithms for solving dynamic models with occasionally binding constraints," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 24(8), pages 1179-1232, July.
    8. Maliar, Lilia & Maliar, Serguei, 2003. "Parameterized Expectations Algorithm and the Moving Bounds," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 21(1), pages 88-92, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lilia Maliar & Serguei Maliar & John B. Taylor & Inna Tsener, 2020. "A tractable framework for analyzing a class of nonstationary Markov models," Quantitative Economics, Econometric Society, vol. 11(4), pages 1289-1323, November.
    2. Gary S. Anderson, 2018. "Reliably Computing Nonlinear Dynamic Stochastic Model Solutions: An Algorithm with Error Formulas," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2018-070, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    3. Kenneth L. Judd & Lilia Maliar & Serguei Maliar, 2014. "Lower Bounds on Approximation Errors: Testing the Hypothesis That a Numerical Solution Is Accurate?," BYU Macroeconomics and Computational Laboratory Working Paper Series 2014-06, Brigham Young University, Department of Economics, BYU Macroeconomics and Computational Laboratory.
    4. Hull, Isaiah, 2015. "Approximate dynamic programming with post-decision states as a solution method for dynamic economic models," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 57-70.
    5. Serguei Maliar & John Taylor & Lilia Maliar, 2016. "The Impact of Alternative Transitions to Normalized Monetary Policy," 2016 Meeting Papers 794, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    6. Maliar, Lilia & Maliar, Serguei, 2005. "Solving nonlinear dynamic stochastic models: an algorithm computing value function by simulations," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 87(1), pages 135-140, April.
    7. Ángel Gavilán & Juan A. Rojas, 2009. "Solving Portfolio Problems with the Smolyak-Parameterized Expectations Algorithm," Working Papers 0838, Banco de España.
    8. Iacoviello, Matteo & Nunes, Ricardo & Prestipino, Andrea, 2026. "Optimal credit market policy," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    9. Evans, David & Evans, George W. & McGough, Bruce, 2022. "The RPEs of RBCs and other DSGEs," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    10. Maliar, Lilia & Maliar, Serguei & Valli, Fernando, 2010. "Solving the incomplete markets model with aggregate uncertainty using the Krusell-Smith algorithm," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 42-49, January.
    11. Vytautas Valaitis & Alessandro T. Villa, 2024. "A machine learning projection method for macro‐finance models," Quantitative Economics, Econometric Society, vol. 15(1), pages 145-173, January.
    12. Maliar, Serguei & Maliar, Lilia & Judd, Kenneth, 2011. "Solving the multi-country real business cycle model using ergodic set methods," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 207-228, February.
    13. Kenneth Judd & Lilia Maliar & Serguei Maliar, 2009. "Numerically Stable Stochastic Simulation Approaches for Solving Dynamic Economic Models," NBER Working Papers 15296, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    14. Gáti, Laura, 2023. "Monetary policy & anchored expectations—An endogenous gain learning model," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(S), pages 37-47.
    15. Matteo Iacoviello & Ricardo Nunes & Andrea Prestipino, 2025. "Optimal Credit Market Policy," School of Economics Discussion Papers 0225, School of Economics, University of Surrey.
    16. Christophe Gouel, 2013. "Comparing Numerical Methods for Solving the Competitive Storage Model," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 41(2), pages 267-295, February.
    17. Manoj Atolia & John Gibson & Milton Marquis, 2019. "Moral Hazard in Lending and Labor Market Volatility," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 51(1), pages 79-109, February.
    18. Jesús Fernández-Villaverde & Galo Nuño & Jesse Perla, 2024. "Taming the Curse of Dimensionality: Quantitative Economics with Deep Learning," NBER Working Papers 33117, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    19. Lilia Maliar & Serguei Maliar, 2005. "Parameterized Expectations Algorithm: How to Solve for Labor Easily," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 25(3), pages 269-274, June.
    20. Fernández-Villaverde, J. & Rubio-Ramírez, J.F. & Schorfheide, F., 2016. "Solution and Estimation Methods for DSGE Models," Handbook of Macroeconomics, in: J. B. Taylor & Harald Uhlig (ed.), Handbook of Macroeconomics, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 0, pages 527-724, Elsevier.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • C63 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Computational Techniques
    • C15 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
    • C61 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
    • C45 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Neural Networks and Related Topics

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:ecolet:v:259:y:2026:i:c:s0165176525006275. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ecolet .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.