Optimal (partial) group liability in microfinance lending
Author
Abstract
Suggested Citation
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.08.002
Download full text from publisher
As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.
References listed on IDEAS
- Ghatak, Maitreesh & Guinnane, Timothy W., 1999.
"The economics of lending with joint liability: theory and practice,"
Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(1), pages 195-228, October.
- Ghatak, M. & Guinnane, T.W., 1998. "The Economics of Lending with Joint Liability: Theory and Practice," Papers 791, Yale - Economic Growth Center.
- Maitreesh Ghatak & Timothy W. Guinnane, 1998. "The Economics of Lending with Joint Liability: Theory and Practice," Discussion Papers 98-16, University of Copenhagen. Department of Economics.
- Maitreesh Ghatak & Timothy W. Guinnane, 1998. "The Economics of Lending with Joint Liability: Theory and Practice," Working Papers 791, Economic Growth Center, Yale University.
- de Quidt, Jonathan & Fetzer, Thiemo & Ghatak, Maitreesh, 2016.
"Group lending without joint liability,"
Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 217-236.
- Thiemo Fetzer & Maitreesh Ghatak & Jonathan de Quidt, 2013. "Group Lending Without Joint Liability," STICERD - Economic Organisation and Public Policy Discussion Papers Series 044, Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE.
- Ghatak, Maitreesh & Fetzer, Thiemo & de Quidt, Jonathan, 2013. "Group Lending Without Joint Liability," CEPR Discussion Papers 9578, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Fetzer, Thiemo & Quidt, Jonathan de & Ghatak, Maitreesh, 2013. "Group lending without joint liability," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 58088, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Jonathan de Quidt & Thiemo Fetzer & Maitreesh Ghatak, 2018.
"Market Structure and Borrower Welfare in Microfinance,"
Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 128(610), pages 1019-1046, May.
- Thiemo Fetzer & Maitreesh Ghatak & Jonathan de Quidt, 2012. "Market Structure and Borrower Welfare in Microfinance," STICERD - Economic Organisation and Public Policy Discussion Papers Series 040, Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE.
- Fetzer, Thiemo & de Quidt, Jonathan, 2012. "Market structure and borrower welfare in microfinance," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 58164, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Ghatak, Maitreesh & Fetzer, Thiemo & de Quidt, Jonathan, 2012. "Market Structure and Borrower Welfare in Microfinance," CEPR Discussion Papers 9165, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Ghatak, Maitreesh & de Quidt, Jonathan & Fetzer, Thiemo, 2013. "Market Structure and Borrower Welfare in Micro Finance," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 123, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
- Baland, Jean-Marie & Somanathan, Rohini & Wahhaj, Zaki, 2013.
"Repayment incentives and the distribution of gains from group lending,"
Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 131-139.
- Jean-Marie Baland & Rohini Somanathan & Zaki Wahhaj, 2010. "Repayment Incentives And The Distribution Of Gains From Group Lending," Working papers 192, Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics.
- Somanathan, Rohini & Baland, Jean-Marie & Wahhaj, Zaki, 2011. "Repayment incentives and the distribution of gains from group lending," CEPR Discussion Papers 8197, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Klaus Abbink & Bernd Irlenbusch & Elke Renner, 2006.
"Group Size and Social Ties in Microfinance Institutions,"
Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 44(4), pages 614-628, October.
- Abbink, Klaus & Bernd Irlenbusch & Elke Renner, 2002. "Group Size and Social Ties in Microfinance Institutions," Royal Economic Society Annual Conference 2003 1, Royal Economic Society.
- Klaus Abbink & Bernd Irlenbusch, 2004. "Group Size and Social Ties in Microfinance Institutions," Econometric Society 2004 Far Eastern Meetings 404, Econometric Society.
- Beatriz Armendáriz & Jonathan Morduch, 2010.
"The Economics of Microfinance, Second Edition,"
MIT Press Books,
The MIT Press,
edition 2, volume 1, number 0262014106, April.
- Beatriz Armendáriz & Jonathan Morduch, 2010. "The Economics of Microfinance, Second Edition," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 2, volume 1, number 0262513986, April.
- Fischer, Greg & Ghatak, Maitreesh, 2010.
"Repayment frequency in microfinance contracts with present-biased borrowers,"
LSE Research Online Documents on Economics
58184, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Greg Fischer & Maitreesh Ghatak, 2010. "Repayment Frequency in Microfinance Contracts with Present-Biased Borrowers," STICERD - Economic Organisation and Public Policy Discussion Papers Series 021, Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE.
- Ghatak, Maitreesh, 1999. "Group lending, local information and peer selection," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(1), pages 27-50, October.
- Chowdhury, Prabal Roy, 2005. "Group-lending: Sequential financing, lender monitoring and joint liability," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(2), pages 415-439, August.
- Shubhashis Gangopadhyay & Maitreesh Ghatak & Robert Lensink, 2005. "Joint Liability Lending and the Peer Selection Effect," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 115(506), pages 1005-1015, October.
- Jonathan de Quidt & Thiemo Fetzer & Maitreesh Ghatak, 2018.
"Market Structure and Borrower Welfare in Microfinance,"
Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 128(610), pages 1019-1046, May.
- de Quidt, Jonathan & Fetzer, Thiemo & Ghatak, Maitreesh, 2012. "Market Structure and Borrower Welfare in Microfinance," CEPR Discussion Papers 9165, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Thiemo Fetzer & Maitreesh Ghatak & Jonathan de Quidt, 2012. "Market Structure and Borrower Welfare in Microfinance," STICERD - Economic Organisation and Public Policy Discussion Papers Series 40, Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE.
- Fetzer, Thiemo & de Quidt, Jonathan, 2012. "Market structure and borrower welfare in microfinance," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 58164, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Ghatak, Maitreesh & de Quidt, Jonathan & Fetzer, Thiemo, 2013. "Market Structure and Borrower Welfare in Micro Finance," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 123, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
- Besley, Timothy & Coate, Stephen, 1995.
"Group lending, repayment incentives and social collateral,"
Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 1-18, February.
- Besley, T. & Coate, S., 1991. "Group Lending, Repayment Incentives And Social Collateral," Papers 152, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Development Studies.
- Bulow, Jeremy & Rogoff, Kenneth, 1989.
"Sovereign Debt: Is to Forgive to Forget?,"
American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 79(1), pages 43-50, March.
- Bulow, J. & Rogoff, K., 1988. "Sovereign Debt: Is To Forgive To Forget?," Papers 411, Stockholm - International Economic Studies.
- Jeremy I. Bulow & Kenneth Rogoff, 1988. "Sovereign Debt: Is To Forgive To Forget?," NBER Working Papers 2623, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Bulow, J. & Rogoff, K., 1988. "Sovereign Debt: Is To Forgive To Forget?," Working papers 8813, Wisconsin Madison - Social Systems.
- Jeremy Bulow & Kenneth Rogoff, 1998. "Sovereign Debt: Is to Forgive to Forget," Levine's Working Paper Archive 209, David K. Levine.
- repec:cep:stieop:44 is not listed on IDEAS
- Bhole, Bharat & Ogden, Sean, 2010. "Group lending and individual lending with strategic default," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(2), pages 348-363, March.
- Ashok S. Rai & Tomas Sjöström, 2004. "Is Grameen Lending Efficient? Repayment Incentives and Insurance in Village Economies," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 71(1), pages 217-234.
- Armendariz de Aghion, Beatriz, 1999. "On the design of a credit agreement with peer monitoring," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(1), pages 79-104, October.
- Pascaline Dupas & Jonathan Robinson, 2013.
"Why Don't the Poor Save More? Evidence from Health Savings Experiments,"
American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 103(4), pages 1138-1171, June.
- Pascaline Dupas & Jonathan Robinson, 2011. "Why Don't the Poor Save More? Evidence from Health Savings Experiments," NBER Working Papers 17255, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Dupas, Pascaline & Robinson, Jonathan, 2012. "Why Don't the Poor Save More? Evidence from Health Savings Experiments," Santa Cruz Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt94w3m4r9, Department of Economics, UC Santa Cruz.
- Conning, Jonathan, 1999. "Outreach, sustainability and leverage in monitored and peer-monitored lending," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(1), pages 51-77, October.
- Alexander Tedeschi, Gwendolyn, 2006. "Here today, gone tomorrow: Can dynamic incentives make microfinance more flexible?," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(1), pages 84-105, June.
- Jonathan Morduch, 1999. "The Microfinance Promise," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 37(4), pages 1569-1614, December.
- Abhijit V. Banerjee & Timothy Besley & Timothy W. Guinnane, 1994.
"Thy Neighbor's Keeper: The Design of a Credit Cooperative with Theory and a Test,"
The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 109(2), pages 491-515.
- Guinnane, T. & Banerjee, A. & Besley, T., 1993. "Thy Neighbor's Keeper: the Design of a Credit Cooperative with Theory and a Test," Papers 705, Yale - Economic Growth Center.
- Christian Ahlin & RobertM. Townsend, 2007.
"Using Repayment Data to Test Across Models of Joint Liability Lending,"
Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 117(517), pages 11-51, February.
- Christian Ahlin & Robert Townsend, 2002. "Using Repayment Data to Test Across Models of Joint Liability Lending," Vanderbilt University Department of Economics Working Papers 0227, Vanderbilt University Department of Economics.
- Stiglitz, Joseph E, 1990. "Peer Monitoring and Credit Markets," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 4(3), pages 351-366, September.
Citations
Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
Cited by:
- Flatnes, Jon Einar & Carter, Michael R., 2019. "A little skin in the game: Reducing moral hazard in joint liability lending through a mandatory collateral requirement," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 199-214.
- de Quidt, Jonathan & Fetzer, Thiemo & Ghatak, Maitreesh, 2018.
"Commercialization and the decline of joint liability microcredit,"
Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 209-225.
- de Quidty, Jonathan & Fetzer, Thiemo & Ghatak, Maitreesh, 2016. "Commercialization and the Decline of Joint Liability Microcredit," Economic Research Papers 269575, University of Warwick - Department of Economics.
- Quidt, Jonathan de & Fetzer, Thiemo & Ghatak, Maitreesh, 2016. "Commercialization and the Decline of Joint Liability Microcredit," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 272, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
- Fetzer, Thiemo, 2016. "Commercialization and the Decline of Joint Liability Microcredit," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) 1119, University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
- Goedecke, Jann, 2018. "Contagious loan default," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 14-18.
- Khushbu Mishra & Richard A. Gallenstein & Mario J. Miranda & Abdoul G. Sam & Patricia Toledo & Francis Mulangu, 2021. "Insured Loans and Credit Access: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment in Northern Ghana," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 103(3), pages 923-943, May.
- Singh, Nirvikar, 2018.
"Financial Inclusion: Concepts, Issues and Policies for India,"
Santa Cruz Department of Economics, Working Paper Series
qt98p5m37s, Department of Economics, UC Santa Cruz.
- Singh, Nirvikar, 2018. "Financial Inclusion: Concepts, Issues and Policies for India," MPRA Paper 91047, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Cao, Bin & Zhong, Yuanguang & Zhou, Yong-Wu, 2024. "The role of completely joint liability in financing multiple capital-constrained firms: Risk sharing, inventory and financial strategies," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 313(3), pages 1072-1087.
- Bahar Rezaei & Sriram Dasu & Reza Ahmadi, 2017. "Optimal Group Size in Joint Liability Contracts," Decision Analysis, INFORMS, vol. 14(3), pages 204-225, September.
- Jennifer G. Fronda, 2024. "Empowering Nueva Ecija’s Farmers through Microfinancing: A Blueprint for Enhancing Financial Literacy and Agricultural Resilience," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 14(4), pages 123-130, July.
- de Quidt, Jonathan & Fetzer, Thiemo & Ghatak, Maitreesh, 2016.
"Group lending without joint liability,"
Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 217-236.
- Thiemo Fetzer & Maitreesh Ghatak & Jonathan de Quidt, 2013. "Group Lending Without Joint Liability," STICERD - Economic Organisation and Public Policy Discussion Papers Series 044, Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE.
- Ghatak, Maitreesh & Fetzer, Thiemo & de Quidt, Jonathan, 2013. "Group Lending Without Joint Liability," CEPR Discussion Papers 9578, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Fetzer, Thiemo & Quidt, Jonathan de & Ghatak, Maitreesh, 2013. "Group lending without joint liability," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 58088, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Hameem Raees Chowdhury, 2016. "Joint-Liability in Microcredit: Evidence from Bangladesh," Atlantic Economic Journal, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 44(1), pages 105-129, March.
- Fujimoto, Junichi & Lee, Junsang, 2020. "Optimal self-financing microfinance contracts when borrowers have risk aversion and limited commitment," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 60-79.
Most related items
These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.- Chowdhury, Shyamal & Chowdhury, Prabal Roy & Sengupta, Kunal, 2014.
"Sequential lending with dynamic joint liability in micro-finance,"
Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 167-180.
- Chowdhury, Shyamal & Roy Chowdhury, Prabal & Sengupta, Kunal, 2014. "Sequential lending with dynamic joint liability in micro-finance," MPRA Paper 58675, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Chowdhury, Shyamal & Chowdhury, Prabal Roy & Sengupta, Kunal, 2014. "Sequential lending with dynamic joint liability in micro-finance," Working Papers 2014-07, University of Sydney, School of Economics.
- Ahlin, Christian, 2015. "The role of group size in group lending," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 140-155.
- de Quidt, Jonathan & Fetzer, Thiemo & Ghatak, Maitreesh, 2016.
"Group lending without joint liability,"
Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 217-236.
- Thiemo Fetzer & Maitreesh Ghatak & Jonathan de Quidt, 2013. "Group Lending Without Joint Liability," STICERD - Economic Organisation and Public Policy Discussion Papers Series 044, Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE.
- Fetzer, Thiemo & Quidt, Jonathan de & Ghatak, Maitreesh, 2013. "Group lending without joint liability," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 58088, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Ghatak, Maitreesh & Fetzer, Thiemo & de Quidt, Jonathan, 2013. "Group Lending Without Joint Liability," CEPR Discussion Papers 9578, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Shyamal Chowdhury & Prabal Roy Chowdhury & Kunal Sengupta, 2014. "Sequential lending with dynamic joint liability in micro-finance," Discussion Papers 14-07, Indian Statistical Institute, Delhi.
- Giné, Xavier & Karlan, Dean S., 2014. "Group versus individual liability: Short and long term evidence from Philippine microcredit lending groups," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 65-83.
- Karaivanov, Alexander & Xing, Xiaochuan & Xue, Yi, 2020. "Bogus joint liability groups in microfinance," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
- Emilios Galariotis & Christophe Villa & Nurmukhammad Yusupov, 2011.
"Recent Advances in Lending to the Poor with Asymmetric Information,"
Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(9), pages 1371-1390, July.
- Emilios C. C Galariotis & Christophe Villa & Nurmukhammad Yusupov, 2011. "Recent advances in lending to the poor with asymmetric information," Post-Print hal-00722838, HAL.
- Hameem Raees Chowdhury, 2016. "Joint-Liability in Microcredit: Evidence from Bangladesh," Atlantic Economic Journal, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 44(1), pages 105-129, March.
- de Quidt, Jonathan & Fetzer, Thiemo & Ghatak, Maitreesh, 2018.
"Commercialization and the decline of joint liability microcredit,"
Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 209-225.
- de Quidty, Jonathan & Fetzer, Thiemo & Ghatak, Maitreesh, 2016. "Commercialization and the Decline of Joint Liability Microcredit," Economic Research Papers 269575, University of Warwick - Department of Economics.
- Fetzer, Thiemo, 2016. "Commercialization and the Decline of Joint Liability Microcredit," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) 1119, University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
- Quidt, Jonathan de & Fetzer, Thiemo & Ghatak, Maitreesh, 2016. "Commercialization and the Decline of Joint Liability Microcredit," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 272, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
- Li Gan & Manuel A. Hernandez & Yanyan Liu, 2018.
"Group Lending With Heterogeneous Types,"
Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 56(2), pages 895-913, April.
- Gan, Li & Hernandez, Manuel A. & Liu, Yanyan, 2013. "Group lending with heterogeneous types:," IFPRI discussion papers 1268, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- Li Gan & Manuel A. Hernandez & Yanyan Liu, 2013. "Group Lending with Heterogeneous Types," NBER Working Papers 18847, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Dhami, Sanjit & Arshad, Junaid & al-Nowaihi, Ali, 2022.
"Psychological and social motivations in microfinance contracts: Theory and evidence,"
Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
- Sanjit Dhami & Junaid Arshad & Ali al-Nowaihi, 2019. "Psychological and Social Motivations in Microfinance Contracts: Theory and Evidence," CESifo Working Paper Series 7773, CESifo.
- Carli, Francesco & Uras, Burak R., 2017.
"Joint-liability with endogenously asymmetric group loan contracts,"
Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 72-90.
- Carli, Francesco & Uras, Burak R., 2017. "Joint-liability with endogenously asymmetric group loan contracts," Other publications TiSEM c8325e9d-7206-47bd-932e-7, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
- Orazio Attanasio & Britta Augsburg & Ralph De Haas, 2019.
"Microcredit Contracts, Risk Diversification and Loan Take-Up,"
Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 17(6), pages 1797-1842.
- Attanasio, O. & Augsburg, B. & de Haas, Ralph, 2016. "Microcredit Contracts, Risk Diversification and Loan Take-Up," Discussion Paper 2016-020, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research.
- Attanasio, O.P. & Augsburg, B. & de Haas, R. & Fitzsimons, E. & Harmgart, H., 2013. "Group Lending or Individual Lending? Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment in Rural Mongolia," Discussion Paper 2013-074, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research.
- Das Chaudhury, Ratul & Bhattacharya, Sukanta, 2023. "When to seek expert advice? A simple model of borrowers with limited liability," Mathematical Social Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 113-120.
- Fujimoto, Junichi & Lee, Junsang, 2020. "Optimal self-financing microfinance contracts when borrowers have risk aversion and limited commitment," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 60-79.
- Peter J. Simmons & Nongnuch Tantisantiwong, 2022. "The Socially Optimal Loan Auditing with Multiple Projects," Discussion Papers 22/07, Department of Economics, University of York.
- Hisaki KONO & Kazushi TAKAHASHI, 2010. "Microfinance Revolution: Its Effects, Innovations, And Challenges," The Developing Economies, Institute of Developing Economies, vol. 48(1), pages 15-73, March.
- Orazio Attanasio & Britta Augsburg & Ralph De Haas, 2019.
"Microcredit Contracts, Risk Diversification and Loan Take-Up,"
Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 17(6), pages 1797-1842.
- Attanasio, O. & Augsburg, B. & de Haas, Ralph, 2016. "Microcredit Contracts, Risk Diversification and Loan Take-Up," Discussion Paper 2016-020, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research.
- Attanasio, O. & Augsburg, B. & de Haas, Ralph, 2016. "Microcredit Contracts, Risk Diversification and Loan Take-Up," Other publications TiSEM 6bd782c0-e7fb-48df-91d1-1, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
- Attanasio, O. & Augsburg, B. & de Haas, Ralph, 2016. "Microcredit Contracts, Risk Diversification and Loan Take-Up," Other publications TiSEM 06168203-0b61-4376-a775-8, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
- Gutiérrez-Nieto, Begoña & Serrano-Cinca, Carlos, 2019.
"20 years of research in microfinance: An information management approach,"
International Journal of Information Management, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 183-197.
- Begoña Gutiérrez Nieto & Carlos Serrano-Cinca, 2019. "20 Years of Research in Microfinance: An Information Management Approach," Working Papers CEB 19-005, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
More about this item
Keywords
Microfinance; Group lending; Liability; Strategic default; Mexico;All these keywords.
Statistics
Access and download statisticsCorrections
All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:deveco:v:121:y:2016:i:c:p:201-216. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.
If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.
If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .
If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.
For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/devec .
Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.