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Early maternal separation and development of left-behind children under 3 years of age in rural China

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Listed:
  • Li, Mengshi
  • Duan, Xiaoqian
  • Shi, Huifeng
  • Dou, Yan
  • Tan, Chang
  • Zhao, Chunxia
  • Huang, Xiaona
  • Wang, Xiaoli
  • Zhang, Jingxu

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was conducted in five counties of five provinces in China to investigate the effects of age at separation and duration of maternal separation on the early development of left-behind children. We enrolled 493 children under 3 years of age who were left behind by both parents in rural China. Data on demographics, separation status, and children’s early development conditions were collected by trained local health workers. Children’s early development conditions were evaluated using the Chinese version of Age and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ-C) and the Chinese version of Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Social–emotional (ASQ:SE-C). The prevalences of total suspected development and social–emotional delays of left-behind children under 3 years old in our study were 31.4% and 38.1%, respectively. Being left behind before 6 months old was associated with an elevated risk of delays in social–emotional development (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.10–2.83), communication (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1. 08–3.70), and fine motor skills (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.10–3.95). A 1-month increase in the duration of separation was associated with a 4% higher risk of social–emotional development delay (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1. 00–1.08) and 8% higher risk of fine motor delay (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1. 02–1.14). Children who experienced earlier maternal separation are at a disadvantage in terms of development. Effective interventions should be applied to help reduce early maternal separation and improve children’s early development in rural regions of China.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Mengshi & Duan, Xiaoqian & Shi, Huifeng & Dou, Yan & Tan, Chang & Zhao, Chunxia & Huang, Xiaona & Wang, Xiaoli & Zhang, Jingxu, 2021. "Early maternal separation and development of left-behind children under 3 years of age in rural China," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:120:y:2021:i:c:s0190740920322258
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105803
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yang, Chenlu & Liu, Xiaoli & Yang, Yuning & Huang, Xiaona & Song, Qiying & Wang, Yan & Zhou, Hong, 2020. "Violent disciplinary behaviors towards left-behind children in 20 counties of rural China," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    2. Liu, Z. & Li, X. & Ge, X., 2009. "Left too early: The effects of age at separation from parents on Chinese rural children's symptoms of anxiety and depression," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 99(11), pages 2049-2054.
    3. Borra, Cristina & Iacovou, Maria & Sevilla, Almudena, 2012. "The effect of breastfeeding on children's cognitive and noncognitive development," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(4), pages 496-515.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ge, Yabo & Ding, Wan & Xie, Ruibo & Kayani, Sumaira & Li, Weijian, 2022. "The role of resilience and student-teacher relationship to parent-child separation-PTSS among left-behind children in China," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    2. Weigang Pan & Baixue Gao & Yihong Long & Yue Teng & Tong Yue, 2021. "Effect of Caregivers’ Parenting Styles on the Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Left-Behind Children: The Parallel Mediating Role of Self-Control," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-14, December.
    3. Yulia A. Seliverstova, 2021. "Early Childhood Education In Russia: The Interrelation Of Income Level And Parental Investment," HSE Working papers WP BRP 61/EDU/2021, National Research University Higher School of Economics.

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