IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v371y2024ics0306261924010365.html

Multi-objective optimization and evaluation of the building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal-energy pile ground source heat pump system

Author

Listed:
  • Wang, Fang
  • You, Tian
  • Cui, Hongzhi

Abstract

Building integrated photovoltaic thermal (BIPV/T)-energy pile ground source heat pump (GSHP) system effectively maintains the soil thermal balance and improves the photovoltaic efficiency by recovering the waste solar heat from the BIPV/T collector to charge the ground. However, due to the strict carbon emission restriction and economic consideration for system application, multi-objective optimization should be implemented for the system design to further enhance its overall performance. Therefore, a complete optimization framework is proposed in this paper, which is based on the NSGA-II algorithm and functions by coupling TRNSYS and jEPlus+EA. Using the proposed optimization frame, a comprehensive optimization is conducted for the system, which optimizes five main design variables and adopts the total power consumption (TPC), life cycle climate performance (LCCP), and life cycle cost (LCC) to reflect the system's energetic, environmental, and economic performances. Seven optimization cases are included in the optimization project to identify design schemes that meet all possible proposed performance requirements for the system application. The optimized results show that the system optimization improves its performance greatly compared to the design condition, with a range of 38.03% ∼ 50.05% for the TPC, 24.52% ∼ 25.86% for LCCP, and 56.74% ∼ 61.66% for LCC. The energetic, environmental and economic performances of the system can be maximized by minimizing the TPC to 357.29 MWh in Case 1, LCCP to 596.15 tCO2 in Case 2, and LCC to 17.03 × 104 CNY in Case 3. By breaking down the objective functions, it is found that the heat pump unit holds paramount importance in all aspects of system performance, and the BIPV/T collector proves advantageous in enhancing the system's long-term performance due to its massive electricity generation. Accordingly, one important finding is that it is advisable to incorporate as many BIPV/T collectors as feasible while maintaining soil heat balance. The optimal energy pile number varies among the seven optimization cases, resulting in different heating capacities for the heat pump unit. Research outcomes in this work offer references for designing the energy-pile GSHP system to enhance the penetration of renewable energy into buildings.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Fang & You, Tian & Cui, Hongzhi, 2024. "Multi-objective optimization and evaluation of the building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal-energy pile ground source heat pump system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 371(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:371:y:2024:i:c:s0306261924010365
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123653
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261924010365
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123653?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yu, Binbin & Long, Junan & Zhang, Yingjing & Ouyang, Hongsheng & Wang, Dandong & Shi, Junye & Chen, Jiangping, 2024. "Life cycle climate performance evaluation (LCCP) of electric vehicle heat pumps using low-GWP refrigerants towards China's carbon neutrality," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PA).
    2. Hongzhi Cui & Jiaxin Shi & Haixing Li & Xiong Xiao & Peng Peng & Xiaohua Bao, 2023. "Experimental Study on Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of a Novel Energy Pile with Phase Change Materials Using Fiber Bragg Grating Monitoring," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-26, December.
    3. Liu, Huawei & Zhang, Jiazhen & Pei, Maoqing & Ju, Xinyu & Ju, Xing & Xu, Chao, 2024. "Optical, electrical, and thermal performance enhancement for a concentrating photovoltaic/thermal system using optimized polynomial compound parabolic concentrators," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 358(C).
    4. Sterling, S.J. & Collins, M.R., 2012. "Feasibility analysis of an indirect heat pump assisted solar domestic hot water system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 11-17.
    5. Jin, Baohong, 2023. "Impact of renewable energy penetration in power systems on the optimization and operation of regional distributed energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    6. Minjeong Sim & Dongjun Suh & Marc-Oliver Otto, 2021. "Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Decision Support Model for Integrating Renewable Energy Systems in a Korean Campus Building," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-18, August.
    7. You, Tian & Wang, Fang, 2023. "Green ground source heat pump using various low-global-warming-potential refrigerants: Thermal imbalance and long-term performance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 159-173.
    8. Chen, Yuanyi & Hu, Simon & Zheng, Yanchong & Xie, Shiwei & Hu, Qinru & Yang, Qiang, 2024. "Coordinated expansion planning of coupled power and transportation networks considering dynamic network equilibrium," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 360(C).
    9. Carlsson, Bo & Persson, Helena & Meir, Michaela & Rekstad, John, 2014. "A total cost perspective on use of polymeric materials in solar collectors – Importance of environmental performance on suitability," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 10-20.
    10. PELELLA, Francesco & ZSEMBINSZKI, Gabriel & VISCITO, Luca & William MAURO, Alfonso & CABEZA, Luisa F., 2023. "Thermo-economic optimization of a multi-source (air/sun/ground) residential heat pump with a water/PCM thermal storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 331(C).
    11. Kavian, Soheil & Aghanajafi, Cyrus & Jafari Mosleh, Hassan & Nazari, Arash & Nazari, Ashkan, 2020. "Exergy, economic and environmental evaluation of an optimized hybrid photovoltaic-geothermal heat pump system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    12. Urbanucci, Luca & Bruno, Joan Carles & Testi, Daniele, 2019. "Thermodynamic and economic analysis of the integration of high-temperature heat pumps in trigeneration systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 516-533.
    13. De Luca, Daniela & Strazzullo, Paolo & Di Gennaro, Emiliano & Caldarelli, Antonio & Gaudino, Eliana & Musto, Marilena & Russo, Roberto, 2023. "High vacuum flat plate photovoltaic-thermal (HV PV-T) collectors: Efficiency analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 352(C).
    14. Buonomano, Annamaria & Calise, Francesco & Palombo, Adolfo, 2018. "Solar heating and cooling systems by absorption and adsorption chillers driven by stationary and concentrating photovoltaic/thermal solar collectors: Modelling and simulation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P2), pages 1874-1908.
    15. Ruan, Tianqi & Wang, Fuxing & Topel, Monika & Laumert, Björn & Wang, Wujun, 2024. "A new optimal PV installation angle model in high-latitude cold regions based on historical weather big data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 359(C).
    16. Coninx, Matthijs & Nies, Jarne De & Hermans, Louis & Peere, Wouter & Boydens, Wim & Helsen, Lieve, 2024. "Cost-efficient cooling of buildings by means of geothermal borefields with active and passive cooling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 355(C).
    17. Yang, Weibo & Zhang, Yu & Wang, Feng & Liu, Aihua, 2023. "Experimental and numerical investigations on operation characteristics of seasonal borehole underground thermal energy storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Li, Manfeng & Wang, Mengmeng & Shi, Ping & Zhou, Guofeng & Lu, Yiji, 2025. "Techno-economic-environmental assessment and optimization of multi-energy complementary systems under dynamic building loads," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 338(C).
    2. Mauro, Alfonso William & Passarelli, Adelso Flaviano & Pelella, Francesco & Viscito, Luca, 2025. "Life-cycle thermo-economic-environmental analysis of a PV-driven heat pump with and without refrigerant leakages," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    3. Liu, Yajiao & Lv, Yuzheng & Li, Tao & Dai, Xiaosen & Zhang, Yuxiao & Zhao, Yu & Liu, Li & Luo, Hao, 2026. "A novel coupled ground heat exchange system: Numerical investigation on heat and moisture transfer characteristics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(PH).
    4. Yue, Naihua & Li, Lingling & Xu, Congbao, 2025. "Multi-objective optimization of a hybrid PVT assisted ground source and air source heat pump system for large space buildings using transient metamodel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).
    5. Ma, Qijie & Lu, Jianbo & Jia, Jiandong & Fan, Jianhua, 2026. "Model predictive control of energy pile-based space heating and cooling systems under future weather conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(PB).
    6. Li, Hongqiang & Zhou, Jie & Cao, Jingyu & Zhao, Misheng & Chen, Jun & Liu, Lifang & Cuce, Erdem & Liu, Wenjie, 2026. "Advances in photovoltaic/thermal assisted ground source heat pump: structural design, material selection, coupling integration, and control strategy optimization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    7. Chen, Yingxue & Chi, Haoran & Ji, Zhixing & Li, Guang & Gou, Linfeng, 2025. "Optimal control and operation strategy for an integrated photovoltaic/thermal-pressure retarded osmosis-solid oxide fuel cell system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    8. Li, Tao & Wang, Xing & Yu, Yingying & Fu, Qiang & Chen, Min & Xu, Chengliang & Gao, Jiajia & Li, Guannan & Mao, Qianjun, 2024. "Performance and PV benefits analysis of multi-source renewable energy systems for different types of buildings on university campus," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(PA).
    9. Yang, Qian & Tian, Ming & Li, Li & Deng, Hongying, 2026. "Fuzzy chance-constrained multi-objective optimization of configuration and operation of building-photovoltaics-assisted distributed energy system under source-load uncertainties," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(PF).
    10. Ju, Hengjin & Li, Xiangli, 2025. "Multi-objective optimization of phase change material radiant floor coupled ground source heat pump under future climate scenarios," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nordgård-Hansen, Ellen & Kishor, Nand & Midttømme, Kirsti & Risinggård, Vetle Kjær & Kocbach, Jan, 2022. "Case study on optimal design and operation of detached house energy system: Solar, battery, and ground source heat pump," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    2. Mauro, Alfonso William & Passarelli, Adelso Flaviano & Pelella, Francesco & Viscito, Luca, 2025. "Life-cycle thermo-economic-environmental analysis of a PV-driven heat pump with and without refrigerant leakages," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    3. Lee, Minwoo & Ham, Se Hyeon & Lee, Sewon & Kim, Jinyoung & Kim, Yongchan, 2023. "Multi-objective optimization of solar-assisted ground-source heat pumps for minimizing life-cycle cost and climate performance in heating-dominated regions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    4. Liu, Shuli & Han, Junrui & Shen, Yongliang & Khan, Sheher Yar & Ji, Wenjie & Jin, Haibo & Kumar, Mahesh, 2025. "The contribution of artificial intelligence to phase change materials in thermal energy storage: From prediction to optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C).
    5. Figaj, Rafał & Żołądek, Maciej, 2021. "Experimental and numerical analysis of hybrid solar heating and cooling system for a residential user," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 955-967.
    6. Jia, Fan & Yin, Xiang & Zhang, Yichen & Fang, Jianmin & Zong, Shuo & Cao, Feng & Chen, Bin & Wang, Xiaolin, 2026. "Time-dependent range degradation in low-carbon electric vehicle thermal management systems: A quantitative assessment across China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(PH).
    7. Reza Alijani & Fabrizio Leonforte, 2025. "Performance Analysis of Multi-Source Heat Pumps: A Regression-Based Approach to Energy Performance Estimation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-16, July.
    8. Francesco Pelella & Adelso Flaviano Passarelli & Belén Llopis-Mengual & Luca Viscito & Emilio Navarro-Peris & Alfonso William Mauro, 2025. "State-of-the-Art Methodologies for Self-Fault Detection, Diagnosis and Evaluation (FDDE) in Residential Heat Pumps," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-22, June.
    9. Song, Zhiying & Ji, Jie & Cai, Jingyong & Zhao, Bin & Li, Zhaomeng, 2021. "Investigation on a direct-expansion solar-assisted heat pump with a novel hybrid compound parabolic concentrator/photovoltaic/fin evaporator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    10. DeLovato, Nicolas & Sundarnath, Kavin & Cvijovic, Lazar & Kota, Krishna & Kuravi, Sarada, 2019. "A review of heat recovery applications for solar and geothermal power plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1-1.
    11. Filipović, P. & Dović, D. & Horvat, I. & Ranilović, B., 2023. "Evaluation of a novel polymer solar collector using numerical and experimental methods," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    12. Mortadi, M. & El Fadar, A. & Achkari Begdouri, O., 2024. "4E analysis of photovoltaic thermal collector-based tri-generation system with adsorption cooling: Annual simulation under Moroccan climate conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    13. Tryfon C. Roumpedakis & Salvatore Vasta & Alessio Sapienza & George Kallis & Sotirios Karellas & Ursula Wittstadt & Mirko Tanne & Niels Harborth & Uwe Sonnenfeld, 2020. "Performance Results of a Solar Adsorption Cooling and Heating Unit," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-18, April.
    14. Jenkins, Cody & Milcarek, Ryan J., 2026. "Solar photovoltaic system optimization and key factor identification using real commercial and industrial electrical demand profiles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 402(PB).
    15. Ouyang, Chun & Khoshgoftar Manesh, Mohammad Hasan & Mousavi Rabeti, Seyed Alireza & Ameryan, Ala & Sayyar, Rani & Jin, Liulin & Zhou, Yangrong & Yunxia, Guo, 2025. "AI-optimized solar-wind polygeneration for sustainable power and hydrogen: A pathway to a cleaner future," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 341(C).
    16. Evangelos Bellos & Christos Tzivanidis, 2018. "Enhancing the Performance of Evacuated and Non-Evacuated Parabolic Trough Collectors Using Twisted Tape Inserts, Perforated Plate Inserts and Internally Finned Absorber," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-28, May.
    17. Guo, Su & Fan, Huiying & Huang, Jing, 2025. "Ultra-short-term PV power prediction based on an improved hybrid model with sky image features and data two-dimensional purification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 331(C).
    18. Lamnatou, Chr. & Moreno, A. & Riverola, A. & Maestro, S. & Chemisana, D., 2025. "Environmental life-cycle assessment of building-integrated concentrating photovoltaic/thermal systems consisting of cylinders filled with dielectric fluids," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    19. Li, Bin & Li, Jia & Liu, Zhitao & Su, Hongye, 2025. "Capacity optimization of a transportation-power coupled network based on elastic traffic demand user equilibrium using a multi-step evolutionary algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    20. Afzal, Asif & Buradi, Abdulrajak & Jilte, Ravindra & Shaik, Saboor & Kaladgi, Abdul Razak & Arıcı, Muslum & Lee, Chew Tin & Nižetić, Sandro, 2023. "Optimizing the thermal performance of solar energy devices using meta-heuristic algorithms: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:371:y:2024:i:c:s0306261924010365. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.