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Influence of hydrogen blending on the operation of natural gas pipeline network considering the compressor power optimization

Author

Listed:
  • Zhang, Bo
  • Xu, Ning
  • Zhang, Haoran
  • Qiu, Rui
  • Wei, Xuemei
  • Wang, Zhuo
  • Liang, Yongtu

Abstract

Blending hydrogen into the existing natural gas pipeline network is regarded as the most potential transportation mode on the utility-scale. However, the impact of hydrogen on the operation performance of the pipeline remained unclear. This paper analyzes the economic and environmental performance of natural gas pipeline under different hydrogen blending ratios and different hydraulic boundary conditions. In order to reduce the operation costs and carbon emissions in each condition, this paper establish a non-linear optimization model to get the new operation plan of the pipeline system. Further, in order to characterize different boundary conditions of the system, four scenarios, namely, the baseline scenario (BS), the setpoint of flow rate scenario (SF), the setpoint of pressure (SP), and the setpoint of heat flow rate (SH) are proposed in this paper. Two studied cases demonstrated that: (1) the original compressor for natural gas can adapt to a hydrogen blending without change the type of compressor. (2) The optimization model has significant potential in reducing the economic cost and carbon emissions of the system with an average decrease of 11.48%. (3) For every 1% of hydrogen added, the annual operating cost of the system is reduced by $0.73 million (3.29%) in SF, 0.017 million (0.08%) in SP, or increased by $1.67 million (7.50%) in SH. Moreover, the annual carbon emission is reduced by 0.38 kt (3.53%) in SF, 0.047 kt (0.44%) in SP, or increased by 0.76 kt (7.14%) in SH. However, when the hydrogen mixing ratio is more than 8%, the contrary trend may occur. (4) The maximum blending ratio at different points of the multi-source pipeline network are physically interdependent. The paper proposed an optimization model for the 2-E analysis of the pipeline and can provide theoretical guidance for the further application of this transportation mode.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Bo & Xu, Ning & Zhang, Haoran & Qiu, Rui & Wei, Xuemei & Wang, Zhuo & Liang, Yongtu, 2024. "Influence of hydrogen blending on the operation of natural gas pipeline network considering the compressor power optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 358(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:358:y:2024:i:c:s030626192301958x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122594
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Daniel Wolf & Bouchra Bakhouya, 2012. "Optimal dimensioning of pipe networks: the new situation when the distribution and the transportation functions are disconnected," Operations Research Proceedings, in: Diethard Klatte & Hans-Jakob Lüthi & Karl Schmedders (ed.), Operations Research Proceedings 2011, edition 127, pages 369-374, Springer.
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    4. Hiller, Benjamin & Koch, Thorsten & Schewe, Lars & Schwarz, Robert & Schweiger, Jonas, 2018. "A system to evaluate gas network capacities: Concepts and implementation," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 270(3), pages 797-808.
    5. Yu Gan & Hassan M. El-Houjeiri & Alhassan Badahdah & Zifeng Lu & Hao Cai & Steven Przesmitzki & Michael Wang, 2020. "Carbon footprint of global natural gas supplies to China," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-9, December.
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    1. Jottrand, Samuel & Hendrick, Patrick, 2025. "Parametric study for cost optimization of hydrogen pipelines in time varying conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 337(C).
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    3. Wang, Shengshi & Fang, Jiakun & Wu, Jianzhong & Liang, Yongtu & Ai, Xiaomeng & Cui, Shichang & Liu, Jingguan & Zhou, Yue & Gan, Wei & Li, Miao & Zhao, Songli & Wen, Jinyu, 2025. "Event-triggered security-constrained energy management scheme on shared transmission systems for renewable fuels and refined oil: Implementation and field tests in South China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 389(C).
    4. Hua Chen & Jianfeng Liu & Junfei Wang & Yukang Sun & Lijun Liu, 2025. "Operational Matching Optimization of Large-Scale Natural Gas Storage Compressor Units," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-15, October.
    5. Ji-Chao Li & Yong Fan & Dan Pang & Tong Wu & Ying Zhang & Ke Zhou, 2024. "Investigation on the Compressibility Factor of Hydrogen-Doped Natural Gas Using GERG-2008 Equation of State," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-10, December.
    6. Zhou, Lingfeng & Liu, Jing & Chen, Dihao & Huang, Chengpeng & Fu, Shaohua & Wang, Yanshun & Wang, Junsen & Wang, Jianbo & Cheng, Y. Frank, 2026. "Hydrogen blending into natural gas networks: global practices, infrastructure compatibility, and end-user implications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 402(PC).
    7. Xiong, Zhiyi & Liu, Yuhui & Cai, Yongjun & Chang, Weichun & Wang, Ziqiang & Li, Zhenlin & Peng, Shiyao, 2025. "Research on the effect of green hydrogen blending on natural gas centrifugal compressor performance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    8. Gao, Xianhui & Wang, Sheng & Sun, Ying & Zhai, Junyi & Chen, Nan & Zhang, Xiao-Ping, 2024. "Low-carbon energy scheduling for integrated energy systems considering offshore wind power hydrogen production and dynamic hydrogen doping strategy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 376(PA).

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