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Two-stage self-scheduling of battery swapping station in day-ahead energy and frequency regulation markets

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  • Wu, Chuantao
  • Lin, Xiangning
  • Sui, Quan
  • Wang, Zhixun
  • Feng, Zhongnan
  • Li, Zhengtian

Abstract

Battery swapping stations (BSS) face two major problems in the frequency regulation market: 1) battery degradation cost with the effect of regulation, and 2) the uncertainties in hourly cumulative regulation signals (HCRS), market prices, and demands. To address the problems, this paper proposes a novel battery model based on the historical data of regulation signals. Furthermore, the ambiguity sets of uncertainties are constructed based on the Wasserstein distance metric. A two-stage self-scheduling model of BSS in the day-ahead energy and regulation markets is presented. The first stage is to determine the batteries swapping plan with the uncertainty in EV demands by robust discrete optimization, while the second stage is formulated by the Wasserstein-distance-based distributionally robust chance-constrained program to optimize the bidding strategy with uncertainties in HCRS and market prices. The case studies verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed battery model and the two-stage self-scheduling model of BSS.

Suggested Citation

  • Wu, Chuantao & Lin, Xiangning & Sui, Quan & Wang, Zhixun & Feng, Zhongnan & Li, Zhengtian, 2021. "Two-stage self-scheduling of battery swapping station in day-ahead energy and frequency regulation markets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:283:y:2021:i:c:s0306261920316731
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116285
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Song, Yuguang & Xia, Mingchao & Yang, Liu & Chen, Qifang & Su, Su, 2023. "Multi-granularity source-load-storage cooperative dispatch based on combined robust optimization and stochastic optimization for a highway service area micro-energy grid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 747-762.
    2. Minan Tang & Chenchen Zhang & Yaqi Zhang & Yaguang Yan & Wenjuan Wang & Bo An, 2024. "A Dual-Layer MPC of Coordinated Control of Battery Load Demand and Grid-Side Supply Matching at Electric Vehicle Swapping Stations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-26, February.
    3. Liu, Xin & Li, Yang & Lin, Xueshan & Guo, Jiqun & Shi, Yunpeng & Shen, Yunwei, 2022. "Dynamic bidding strategy for a demand response aggregator in the frequency regulation market," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 314(C).
    4. Zhan, Weipeng & Wang, Zhenpo & Zhang, Lei & Liu, Peng & Cui, Dingsong & Dorrell, David G., 2022. "A review of siting, sizing, optimal scheduling, and cost-benefit analysis for battery swapping stations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    5. Tiankai Yang & Jixiang Wang & Yongliang Liang & Chuan Xiang & Chao Wang, 2023. "Economic Dispatch between Distribution Grids and Virtual Power Plants under Voltage Security Constraints," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-16, December.
    6. Cui, Dingsong & Wang, Zhenpo & Liu, Peng & Wang, Shuo & Dorrell, David G. & Li, Xiaohui & Zhan, Weipeng, 2023. "Operation optimization approaches of electric vehicle battery swapping and charging station: A literature review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PE).
    7. Huang, Hongxu & Li, Zhengmao & Beng Gooi, Hoay & Qiu, Haifeng & Zhang, Xiaotong & Lv, Chaoxian & Liang, Rui & Gong, Dunwei, 2023. "Distributionally robust energy-transportation coordination in coal mine integrated energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
    8. Tang, Hong & Wang, Shengwei, 2023. "Life-cycle economic analysis of thermal energy storage, new and second-life batteries in buildings for providing multiple flexibility services in electricity markets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    9. Wang, Ziqi & Hou, Sizu, 2023. "A real-time strategy for vehicle-to-station recommendation in battery swapping mode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    10. Wu, Chuantao & Chen, Cen & Ma, Yuncong & Li, Feiyu & Sui, Quan & Lin, Xiangning & Wei, Fanrong & Li, Zhengtian, 2022. "Enhancing resilient restoration of distribution systems utilizing electric vehicles and supporting incentive mechanism," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    11. Zhang, Shuo & Li, Xinxin & Li, Yingzi & Zheng, Yidan & Liu, Jie, 2023. "A green-fitting dispatching model of station cluster for battery swapping under charging-discharging mode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    12. Ahmadi Jirdehi, Mehdi & Sohrabi Tabar, Vahid, 2023. "Risk-aware energy management of a microgrid integrated with battery charging and swapping stations in the presence of renewable resources high penetration, crypto-currency miners and responsive loads," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PA).
    13. Tang, Hong & Wang, Shengwei, 2022. "A model-based predictive dispatch strategy for unlocking and optimizing the building energy flexibilities of multiple resources in electricity markets of multiple services," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).

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