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On the transferability of smart energy systems on off-grid islands using cluster analysis – A case study for the Philippine archipelago

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  • Meschede, Henning
  • Esparcia, Eugene A.
  • Holzapfel, Peter
  • Bertheau, Paul
  • Ang, Rosario C.
  • Blanco, Ariel C.
  • Ocon, Joey D.

Abstract

Islands are highly diverse in their climatic, physical, social, and economic characteristics. Thus, each island’s energy system needs to be designed according to its specific features. However, similarities among islands exist which can enable the fast transfer of concepts and experiences with energy systems. In the Philippines, only few off-grid islands are incorporating smart energy systems through hybrid electricity systems. While most off-grid islands still do not have access to electricity, the majority of off-grid Philippine islands having access to electricity are powered primarily by diesel-fired generators. In this work, a cluster analysis is performed for 502 off-grid islands in the Philippine archipelago, classifying the islands according to their similarities in socio-economic and physical characteristics, and indigenous energy resource potential. The results show that most of the islands belong to five clusters of very small and small islands for which photovoltaic-battery systems would be the favourable backbone of a future energy system based on renewable energies. These islands show a varying level of feasibility for harnessing wind energy. In medium and big islands, opportunities of linking electricity systems to water supply and thermal energy loads as well as to the transport sector, are identified and their relevance in the clusters is discussed. The results are consistent with the validation of the individual characteristics of chosen off-grid islands. The cluster analysis results support policy makers and private investors in deciding which smart energy system projects are suitable for which particular islands.

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  • Meschede, Henning & Esparcia, Eugene A. & Holzapfel, Peter & Bertheau, Paul & Ang, Rosario C. & Blanco, Ariel C. & Ocon, Joey D., 2019. "On the transferability of smart energy systems on off-grid islands using cluster analysis – A case study for the Philippine archipelago," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:251:y:2019:i:c:107
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.05.093
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    5. Mimica, Marko & Krajačić, Goran, 2021. "The Smart Islands method for defining energy planning scenarios on islands," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    6. Castro, Michael T. & Pascasio, Jethro Daniel A. & Delina, Laurence L. & Balite, Paul Heherson M. & Ocon, Joey D., 2022. "Techno-economic and financial analyses of hybrid renewable energy system microgrids in 634 Philippine off-grid islands: Policy implications on public subsidies and private investments," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    7. Bogdanov, Dmitrii & Toktarova, Alla & Breyer, Christian, 2019. "Transition towards 100% renewable power and heat supply for energy intensive economies and severe continental climate conditions: Case for Kazakhstan," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    8. Tanoto, Yusak & Haghdadi, Navid & Bruce, Anna & MacGill, Iain, 2020. "Clustering based assessment of cost, security and environmental tradeoffs with possible future electricity generation portfolios," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    9. Henning Meschede & Paul Bertheau & Siavash Khalili & Christian Breyer, 2022. "A review of 100% renewable energy scenarios on islands," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(6), November.
    10. Olivia Francesca B. Agua & Robert Joseph A. Basilio & Mc Erschad D. Pabillan & Michael T. Castro & Philipp Blechinger & Joey D. Ocon, 2020. "Decentralized versus Clustered Microgrids: An Energy Systems Study for Reliable Off-Grid Electrification of Small Islands," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-22, August.
    11. Xaviery N. Penisa & Michael T. Castro & Jethro Daniel A. Pascasio & Eugene A. Esparcia & Oliver Schmidt & Joey D. Ocon, 2020. "Projecting the Price of Lithium-Ion NMC Battery Packs Using a Multifactor Learning Curve Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-18, October.
    12. Jaybee Lacea & Edward Querikiol & Evelyn Taboada, 2021. "Balancing Energy Trilemma Using Hybrid Distributed Rooftop Solar PV (DRSP)/Battery/Diesel Microgrid: A Case Study in Gilutongan Island, Cordova, Cebu, Philippines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-32, November.
    13. Maurizio Filippo Acciarri & Silvia Checola & Paolo Galli & Giacomo Magatti & Silvana Stefani, 2021. "Water Resource Management and Sustainability: A Case Study in Faafu Atoll in the Republic of Maldives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-17, March.
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    15. Augusto Montisci & Marco Caredda, 2021. "A Static Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Off-Grid Supply," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-16, August.

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