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Pump as turbine applied to micro energy storage and smart water grids: A case study

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  • Morabito, Alessandro
  • Hendrick, Patrick

Abstract

The need of energy storage in micro scale is recently emerging and becoming more relevant in the rising era of decentralised renewable energy production. This paper provides a technical overview of the design and the outcomes of a first-of-its-kind Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (PHES) micro facility. The described micro-PHES is integrated in a smart grid and it is designed to store energy produced by the connected renewable energy sources. Interestingly, this micro-PHES runs with a single centrifugal pump for both pumping and generating phases. Variable speed regulation allows the pump to constantly operate at the maximum hydraulic efficiency in order to deal with load variations. In the same way, the pump running in reverse, namely Pump as Turbine (PaT), runs at the most suitable speed and it keeps high efficiency (near to 0.71%) over a range of 40–120% of the nominal load design. The pump/PaT is selected according to the presented methodology and it is experimentally characterized in the current case study. The PHES implementation is defined in relation with the smart grid consumption and renewable energy production and it reaches a total round-trip yield up to 42%. In addition, this paper defines the techno-economic parameters for a micro-PHES cost-effective solution and provides an important dataset for micro-PHES feasibility breakdown. The use of a storm-water basin as reservoir produces an expense cut greater than 28% of the total direct cost. This constitutes a valid economic advantage to be integrated in future smart water grid’s designs. Also, the system with the described features can reach a Levelised Cost of Energy (LCOE) of 0.58–1.06 €/kWh in micro-PHES.

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  • Morabito, Alessandro & Hendrick, Patrick, 2019. "Pump as turbine applied to micro energy storage and smart water grids: A case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C), pages 567-579.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:241:y:2019:i:c:p:567-579
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.018
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    20. Andrade Furtado, Gilton Carlos de & Amarante Mesquita, André Luiz & Morabito, Alessandro & Hendrick, Patrick & Hunt, Julian D., 2020. "Using hydropower waterway locks for energy storage and renewable energies integration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    21. Stefanizzi, Michele & Capurso, Tommaso & Balacco, Gabriella & Binetti, Mario & Camporeale, Sergio Mario & Torresi, Marco, 2020. "Selection, control and techno-economic feasibility of Pumps as Turbines in Water Distribution Networks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1292-1306.
    22. Mercedes Garcia, Angel V. & Sánchez-Romero, Francisco Javier & López-Jiménez, P. Amparo & Pérez-Sánchez, Modesto, 2022. "A new optimization approach for the use of hybrid renewable systems in the search of the zero net energy consumption in water irrigation systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 853-871.
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