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Energy Production in Water Distribution Networks: A PAT Design Strategy

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  • Armando Carravetta
  • Giuseppe Del Giudice
  • Oreste Fecarotta
  • Helena Ramos

Abstract

Pump operating as turbine (PAT) is an effective source of reducing the equipment cost in small hydropower plants. However, the manufacturers provide poor information on the PAT performance thus representing a limit for its wider diffusion. Additional implementation difficulties arise under variable operating conditions, characteristic of water distribution networks (WDNs). WDNs allow to obtain widespread and globally significant amount of produced energy by exploiting the head drop due to the network pressure control strategy for leak reductions. Thus a design procedure is proposed that couples a parallel hydraulic circuit with an overall plant efficiency criteria for the market pump selection within a WDN. The proposed design method allows to identify the performance curves of the PAT that maximizes the produced energy for an assigned flow and pressure-head distribution pattern. Finally, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is shown as a suitable alternative for performance curve assessment covering the limited number of experimental data. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012

Suggested Citation

  • Armando Carravetta & Giuseppe Del Giudice & Oreste Fecarotta & Helena Ramos, 2012. "Energy Production in Water Distribution Networks: A PAT Design Strategy," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(13), pages 3947-3959, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:26:y:2012:i:13:p:3947-3959
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-012-0114-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. L. Araujo & H. Ramos & S. Coelho, 2006. "Pressure Control for Leakage Minimisation in Water Distribution Systems Management," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 20(1), pages 133-149, February.
    2. S. Liberatore & G. Sechi, 2009. "Location and Calibration of Valves in Water Distribution Networks Using a Scatter-Search Meta-heuristic Approach," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 23(8), pages 1479-1495, June.
    3. Arriaga, Mariano, 2010. "Pump as turbine – A pico-hydro alternative in Lao People's Democratic Republic," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 1109-1115.
    4. F. Gonçalves & L. Costa & Helena Ramos, 2011. "ANN for Hybrid Energy System Evaluation: Methodology and WSS Case Study," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(9), pages 2295-2317, July.
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