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Purge strategy optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with anode recirculation

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  • Wang, Bowen
  • Deng, Hao
  • Jiao, Kui

Abstract

Anode recirculation increases hydrogen utilization but also causes nitrogen crossover and accumulation in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) anode. Purge is necessary to remove the impurity. Voltage-based and nitrogen-based are the two basic purge strategies. For voltage-based purge, purge interval is defined by the voltage drop rate of the voltage peak. The voltage recovers first and then drops in the excess purge duration, so the optimal purge duration is defined as the purge stops when the voltage starts falling. The optimal purge duration is mainly determined by scavenging velocity, and it decreases with increasing scavenging velocity. Energy efficiency and fuel loss rate both increase with decreasing purge interval for the simulated operating conditions. Scavenging velocity significantly affects the fuel loss rate but has little effect on energy efficiency under the optimal purge duration. For nitrogen-based purge, the effect of purge duration on energy efficiency is much less significant than purge interval. Due to the difficulty of the real-time nitrogen fraction measurement, the voltage-based purge is more recommended. An optimal bleed rate for energy efficiency exists and 3% bleed rate is the optimal for the simulated operating conditions.

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  • Wang, Bowen & Deng, Hao & Jiao, Kui, 2018. "Purge strategy optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with anode recirculation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 1-13.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:225:y:2018:i:c:p:1-13
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.04.058
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    3. Dashti, Isar & Asghari, Saeed & Goudarzi, Mohammad & Meyer, Quentin & Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Arjomand & Brett, Dan J.L., 2019. "Optimization of the performance, operation conditions and purge rate for a dead-ended anode proton exchange membrane fuel cell using an analytical model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 173-185.
    4. Ming Zhao & Wenbin Wang & Xiaochun Zhu & Mengxue Cao & Zhengyuan Gao & Ke Sun & Shuzhan Bai & Guoxiang Li, 2023. "Simulation and Control Strategy Study of the Hydrogen Supply System of a Fuel Cell Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-20, June.
    5. Zhang, Qinguo & Tong, Zheming & Tong, Shuiguang & Cheng, Zhewu, 2021. "Modeling and dynamic performance research on proton exchange membrane fuel cell system with hydrogen cycle and dead-ended anode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    6. Steinberger, Michael & Geiling, Johannes & Oechsner, Richard & Frey, Lothar, 2018. "Anode recirculation and purge strategies for PEM fuel cell operation with diluted hydrogen feed gas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 572-582.
    7. Liu, Shihua & Li, Xiaoyang & Pang, Linjia & Geng, Tie & Guo, Yonggang & Jiang, Lin & Kang, Kejia & Wang, Xinchao & Liu, Zongyao, 2022. "Study on the effect of purging time on the performance of PEMFC with dead-ended anode under gravity," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 1141-1151.
    8. Li, Yubai & Zhou, Zhifu & Liu, Xianglei & Wu, Wei-Tao, 2019. "Modeling of PEM fuel cell with thin MEA under low humidity operating condition," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1513-1527.
    9. Soopee, Asif & Sasmito, Agus P. & Shamim, Tariq, 2019. "Water droplet dynamics in a dead-end anode proton exchange membrane fuel cell," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 300-311.
    10. Ma, Shuai & Lin, Meng & Lin, Tzu-En & Lan, Tian & Liao, Xun & Maréchal, François & Van herle, Jan & Yang, Yongping & Dong, Changqing & Wang, Ligang, 2021. "Fuel cell-battery hybrid systems for mobility and off-grid applications: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    11. Wang, Bowen & Wu, Kangcheng & Xi, Fuqiang & Xuan, Jin & Xie, Xu & Wang, Xiaoyang & Jiao, Kui, 2019. "Numerical analysis of operating conditions effects on PEMFC with anode recirculation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 844-856.
    12. Liu, Zhiyang & Chen, Jian & Liu, Hao & Yan, Chizhou & Hou, Yang & He, Qinggang & Zhang, Jiujun & Hissel, Daniel, 2020. "Anode purge management for hydrogen utilization and stack durability improvement of PEM fuel cell systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    13. Wenshang Chen & Yang Liu & Ben Chen, 2022. "Numerical Simulation on Pressure Dynamic Response Characteristics of Hydrogen Systems for Fuel Cell Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-18, March.
    14. Xu, Liangfei & Fang, Chuan & Li, Jianqiu & Ouyang, Minggao & Lehnert, Werner, 2018. "Nonlinear dynamic mechanism modeling of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell with dead-ended anode considering mass transport and actuator properties," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 106-121.
    15. Hou, Junbo & Yang, Min & Zhang, Junliang, 2020. "Active and passive fuel recirculation for solid oxide and proton exchange membrane fuel cells," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 1355-1371.
    16. Liu, Shihua & Chen, Tao & Zhang, Cheng & Xie, Yi, 2020. "Study on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with dead-ended anode in gravity environment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    17. Xu, Sheng & Yin, Bifeng & Li, Zekai & Dong, Fei, 2023. "A review on gas purge of proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Mechanisms, experimental approaches, numerical approaches, and optimization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    18. Hossein Pourrahmani & Majid Siavashi & Adel Yavarinasab & Mardit Matian & Nazanin Chitgar & Ligang Wang & Jan Van herle, 2022. "A Review on the Long-Term Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: From Degradation Modeling to the Effects of Bipolar Plates, Sealings, and Contaminants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-30, July.
    19. Yang, Zirong & Du, Qing & Jia, Zhiwei & Yang, Chunguang & Jiao, Kui, 2019. "Effects of operating conditions on water and heat management by a transient multi-dimensional PEMFC system model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 462-476.
    20. Chen, Dongfang & Pei, Pucheng & Ren, Peng & Song, Xin & Wang, He & Zhang, Lu & Wang, Mingkai, 2022. "Analytical methods for the effect of anode nitrogen concentration on performance and voltage consistency of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).

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