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Optimization of the performance, operation conditions and purge rate for a dead-ended anode proton exchange membrane fuel cell using an analytical model

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  • Dashti, Isar
  • Asghari, Saeed
  • Goudarzi, Mohammad
  • Meyer, Quentin
  • Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Arjomand
  • Brett, Dan J.L.

Abstract

Operating proton exchange membrane fuel cells in dead-ended anode mode results in fewer subsystem components and a lower cost and less complex system. However, dead-ended operation results in a gradual accumulation of water and impurities within the anode compartment, which leads to performance degradation. Therefore, anode purging is required to partially remove impurities and water from the anode and to recover performance. In the present study, a mathematical model, incorporating nitrogen crossover from the cathode to the anode and water build-up in the anode is developed. This model simulates the dead-ended anode proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance during the purge and the subsequent performance recovery. The model is in good agreement with experimental results. By using this model and introducing the concept of the ‘total wasted energy’, the purge parameters (purge interval and purge duration) can be optimized. The predicted optimum purge duration and purge interval for a sample single cell are 25 ms and 260 s, respectively. The effect of operating condition parameters on this optimization are investigated, showing that the hydrogen purity has a strong effect on the total wasted energy. By increasing the hydrogen purity from 99.5% to 99.99%, the efficiency increases by 2.4%.

Suggested Citation

  • Dashti, Isar & Asghari, Saeed & Goudarzi, Mohammad & Meyer, Quentin & Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Arjomand & Brett, Dan J.L., 2019. "Optimization of the performance, operation conditions and purge rate for a dead-ended anode proton exchange membrane fuel cell using an analytical model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 173-185.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:179:y:2019:i:c:p:173-185
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.04.118
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Najmi, Aezid-Ul-Hassan & Anyanwu, Ikechukwu S. & Xie, Xu & Liu, Zhi & Jiao, Kui, 2021. "Experimental investigation and optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell using different flow fields," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
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    5. Chen, Dongfang & Pei, Pucheng & Ren, Peng & Song, Xin & Wang, He & Zhang, Lu & Wang, Mingkai, 2022. "Analytical methods for the effect of anode nitrogen concentration on performance and voltage consistency of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    6. Santos, Diogo F.M. & Ferreira, Rui B. & Falcão, D.S. & Pinto, A.M.F.R., 2022. "Evaluation of a fuel cell system designed for unmanned aerial vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    7. Chen, Ben & Zhou, Haoran & He, Shaowen & Meng, Kai & Liu, Yang & Cai, Yonghua, 2021. "Numerical simulation on purge strategy of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with dead-ended anode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    8. Behzadi, Amirmohammad & Arabkoohsar, Ahmad & Gholamian, Ehsan, 2020. "Multi-criteria optimization of a biomass-fired proton exchange membrane fuel cell integrated with organic rankine cycle/thermoelectric generator using different gasification agents," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    9. Yu, Xianxian & Luo, Xiaobing & Tu, Zhengkai, 2023. "Development of a compact high-power density air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with ultrathin steel bipolar plates," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    10. Xu, Sheng & Yin, Bifeng & Li, Zekai & Dong, Fei, 2023. "A review on gas purge of proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Mechanisms, experimental approaches, numerical approaches, and optimization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    11. Fan, Lixin & liu, Yang & Luo, Xiaobing & Tu, Zhengkai & Chan, Siew Hwa, 2023. "A novel gas supply configuration for hydrogen utilization improvement in a multi-stack air-cooling PEMFC system with dead-ended anode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).

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