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A novel control approach for virtual synchronous generators to suppress frequency and voltage fluctuations in microgrids

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  • Hirase, Yuko
  • Abe, Kensho
  • Sugimoto, Kazushige
  • Sakimoto, Kenichi
  • Bevrani, Hassan
  • Ise, Toshifumi

Abstract

To achieve a more sustainable supply of electricity, consumers are expected to rely increasingly on combinations of various types of power generators. Among them, distributed generators (DGs) utilizing renewable energy sources (RESs) are a promising solution. However, introducing renewable energy based DGs into microgrids (MGs) can reduce the inertia of the whole power system, and hence, the system frequency and the voltage can be fluctuated. Furthermore, unnecessary interference occurs as the number of synchronous machines increases. To address these issues, it is desirable to develop a noble inverter control method for DGs, and to gain an intuitive understanding of the dynamic characteristics of MG power systems. In this paper, the impacts of frequency/voltage deviations in MGs are mathematically investigated using algebraic-type virtual synchronous generator (VSG). The algebraic-type VSG with a minimal number of parameters has an ability to suppress the system frequency and voltage deviations. The proposed control approach presents a suitable solution for penetration of more and more renewable energy into the existing power grids. The results of the analysis were verified via simulations and experiments.

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  • Hirase, Yuko & Abe, Kensho & Sugimoto, Kazushige & Sakimoto, Kenichi & Bevrani, Hassan & Ise, Toshifumi, 2018. "A novel control approach for virtual synchronous generators to suppress frequency and voltage fluctuations in microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 699-710.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:210:y:2018:i:c:p:699-710
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.06.058
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    5. Abdel-Raheem Youssef & Mohamad Mallah & Abdelfatah Ali & Mostafa F. Shaaban & Essam E. M. Mohamed, 2023. "Enhancement of Microgrid Frequency Stability Based on the Combined Power-to-Hydrogen-to-Power Technology under High Penetration Renewable Units," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-18, April.
    6. Hirase, Y. & Noro, O. & Nakagawa, H. & Yoshimura, E. & Katsura, S. & Abe, K. & Sugimoto, K. & Sakimoto, K., 2018. "Decentralised and interlink-less power interchange among residences in microgrids using virtual synchronous generator control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 2437-2447.
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    10. Serban, Ioan, 2018. "A control strategy for microgrids: Seamless transfer based on a leading inverter with supercapacitor energy storage system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 490-507.
    11. Malik, Sarmad Majeed & Sun, Yingyun & Huang, Wen & Ai, Xin & Shuai, Zhikang, 2018. "A Generalized Droop Strategy for Interlinking Converter in a Standalone Hybrid Microgrid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 1056-1063.
    12. Yang, Chao & Yao, Wei & Fang, Jiakun & Ai, Xiaomeng & Chen, Zhe & Wen, Jinyu & He, Haibo, 2019. "Dynamic event-triggered robust secondary frequency control for islanded AC microgrid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 821-836.
    13. Zhang, Jing & Hu, Sijia & Zhang, Zhiwen & Li, Yong & Lin, Jinjie & Wu, Jinbo & Gong, Yusheng & He, Li, 2023. "An adaptive frequency regulation strategy with high renewable energy participating level for isolated microgrid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 683-698.
    14. Yuko Hirase & Kazusa Uezaki & Dai Orihara & Hiroshi Kikusato & Jun Hashimoto, 2021. "Characteristic Analysis and Indexing of Multimachine Transient Stabilization Using Virtual Synchronous Generator Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-23, January.
    15. Natascia Andrenacci & Elio Chiodo & Davide Lauria & Fabio Mottola, 2018. "Life Cycle Estimation of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Primary Frequency Regulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-24, November.
    16. Li, Pengfei & Hu, Weihao & Xu, Xiao & Huang, Qi & Liu, Zhou & Chen, Zhe, 2019. "A frequency control strategy of electric vehicles in microgrid using virtual synchronous generator control," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    17. Kheshti, Mostafa & Ding, Lei & Nayeripour, Majid & Wang, Xiaowei & Terzija, Vladimir, 2019. "Active power support of wind turbines for grid frequency events using a reliable power reference scheme," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 1241-1254.
    18. Cagnano, A. & Caldarulo Bugliari, A. & De Tuglie, E., 2018. "A cooperative control for the reserve management of isolated microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C), pages 256-265.
    19. Attya, A.B. & Anaya-Lara, O. & Leithead, W.E., 2018. "Novel concept of renewables association with synchronous generation for enhancing the provision of ancillary services," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C), pages 1035-1047.
    20. Abdollah Younesi & Hossein Shayeghi & Pierluigi Siano, 2020. "Assessing the Use of Reinforcement Learning for Integrated Voltage/Frequency Control in AC Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-22, March.
    21. Akito Nakadomari & Ryo Miyara & Talal Alharbi & Natarajan Prabaharan & Shriram Srinivasarangan Rangarajan & Edward Randolph Collins & Tomonobu Senjyu, 2021. "Dynamic Voltage Stability Assessment in Remote Island Power System with Renewable Energy Resources and Virtual Synchronous Generator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-19, September.
    22. Hirwa, Jusse & Zolan, Alexander & Becker, William & Flamand, Tülay & Newman, Alexandra, 2023. "Optimizing design and dispatch of a resilient renewable energy microgrid for a South African hospital," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).
    23. Yun Zeng & Jing Qian & Fengrong Yu & Hong Mei & Shige Yu, 2021. "Damping Formation Mechanism and Damping Injection of Virtual Synchronous Generator Based on Generalized Hamiltonian Theory," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-14, October.
    24. Makolo, Peter & Zamora, Ramon & Lie, Tek-Tjing, 2021. "The role of inertia for grid flexibility under high penetration of variable renewables - A review of challenges and solutions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    25. Asmaa Fawzy & Youssef Mobarak & Dina S. Osheba & Mahmoud G. Hemeida & Tomonobu Senjyu & Mohamed Roshdy, 2022. "An Online Archimedes Optimization Algorithm Identifier-Controlled Adaptive Modified Virtual Inertia Control for Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-27, November.

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