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Simulating yield and water use of a sorghum–cowpea intercrop using APSIM

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  • Chimonyo, V.G.P.
  • Modi, A.T.
  • Mabhaudhi, T.

Abstract

Growth, yield and crop water use (ET) of a sorghum–cowpea intercrop system were evaluated using APSIM and data from field experiments conducted at Ukulinga Research Farm, South Africa over two seasons (2013/14 and 2014/15). Weather and soil data were observed in situ and input into APSIM. Data from optimum experiments (2013/14) was used for local adaptation of APSIM. Thereafter, the model was tested using data obtained from 2014/15 under various water management strategies [rainfed (RF), deficit (DI) and full irrigation (FI)]. Model simulations were evaluated using observed data for phenology, leaf number, leaf area index (LAI), biomass, yield, ET and water use efficiency (WUE). Model performance was assessed using R2, root mean squared error (RMSE) and its components (RMSEs and RMSEu) and the d-index. The model simulated phenology satisfactorily for sorghum (R2=0.98, RMSE=6.62days) and cowpea (R2=0.86, RMSE=13.67days) across different water regimes. The model underestimated LAI (36.98%); this was associated with defoliation of crop canopy due to hail damage. Satisfactory simulations (RMSE RF=145.38kgha−1DI=1.97kgmm−1ha−1>FI=1.66kgmm−1ha−1) simulations of system WUE across the water regimes [RF=17.54kgmm−1ha−1>DI=16.43kgmm−1ha−1>FI=16.75kgmm−1ha−1]. The APSIM model was able to simulate growth, yield and WU of an intercrop system under varying water regimes, However, it is still limited with regards to rainfed conditions since it overestimated biomass (6.25%), yield (14.93%) and WU (7.29%) and under estimated WUEb (−14.86%). APSIM can still be used to determine best management practices for intercropping under water scarce environments.

Suggested Citation

  • Chimonyo, V.G.P. & Modi, A.T. & Mabhaudhi, T., 2016. "Simulating yield and water use of a sorghum–cowpea intercrop using APSIM," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 317-328.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:177:y:2016:i:c:p:317-328
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2016.08.021
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chimonyo, V.G.P. & Modi, A.T. & Mabhaudhi, T., 2016. "Water use and productivity of a sorghum–cowpea–bottle gourd intercrop system," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 82-96.
    2. McCown, R. L. & Hammer, G. L. & Hargreaves, J. N. G. & Holzworth, D. P. & Freebairn, D. M., 1996. "APSIM: a novel software system for model development, model testing and simulation in agricultural systems research," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 50(3), pages 255-271.
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    1. Tlou E. Mogale & Kingsley K. Ayisi & Lawrence Munjonji & Yehenew G. Kifle, 2022. "Yield Responses of Grain Sorghum and Cowpea in Binary and Sole Cultures under No-Tillage Conditions in Limpopo Province," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-18, May.
    2. Jacques Fils Pierre & Upendra Singh & Esaú Ruiz-Sánchez & Willingthon Pavan, 2023. "Development of a Cereal–Legume Intercrop Model for DSSAT Version 4.8," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-13, April.
    3. Vimbayi Grace Petrova Chimonyo & Tendai Polite Chibarabada & Dennis Junior Choruma & Richard Kunz & Sue Walker & Festo Massawe & Albert Thembinkosi Modi & Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi, 2022. "Modelling Neglected and Underutilised Crops: A Systematic Review of Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-19, October.
    4. Jin, Ning & Tao, Bo & Ren, Wei & He, Liang & Zhang, Dongyan & Wang, Dacheng & Yu, Qiang, 2022. "Assimilating remote sensing data into a crop model improves winter wheat yield estimation based on regional irrigation data," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    5. Mabhaudhi, T. & Mpandeli, S. & Nhamo, Luxon & Chimonyo, V. G. P. & Nhemachena, Charles & Senzanje, A. & Naidoo, D. & Modi, A. T., 2018. "Prospects for improving irrigated agriculture in Southern Africa: linking water, energy and food," Papers published in Journals (Open Access), International Water Management Institute, pages 10(12):1-16.

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