IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bpj/erjour/v3y2013i3p331-366n3.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Emotional Labor for Entrepreneurs: A Natural and Necessary Extension

Author

Listed:
  • Burch Gerald F.

    (Department of Management, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX, USA)

  • Batchelor John H.

    (Department of Management, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, USA)

  • Humphrey Ronald H.

    (Department of Management, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA)

Abstract

The field of entrepreneurship is actively unraveling the connections between entrepreneurs, their stakeholders, and their environment by viewing the phenomenon through an affective lens. This article extends almost three and a half decades of emotional labor research into the study of entrepreneurship by proposing an Affective Entrepreneurial Events Model. Building on organizational behavior research and recent, relevant entrepreneurship models, this conceptual model establishes four areas of understanding. First, we propose a method by which affect influences the entrepreneurial processes. Second, we demonstrate how what we already know from emotional labor research can affect the outcomes for entrepreneurs and their stakeholders. Third, we discuss how the entrepreneur’s performance of emotional labor shapes the entrepreneurial environment. And last, we use the extreme emotional conditions provided by the entrepreneur’s environment to further understand the concepts associated with emotional labor.

Suggested Citation

  • Burch Gerald F. & Batchelor John H. & Humphrey Ronald H., 2013. "Emotional Labor for Entrepreneurs: A Natural and Necessary Extension," Entrepreneurship Research Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 3(3), pages 331-366, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:bpj:erjour:v:3:y:2013:i:3:p:331-366:n:3
    DOI: 10.1515/erj-2012-0022
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2012-0022
    Download Restriction: For access to full text, subscription to the journal or payment for the individual article is required.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1515/erj-2012-0022?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bryant, Melanie & Cox, Julie Wolfram, 2006. "The expression of suppression: Loss and emotional labour in narratives of organisational change," Journal of Management & Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 12(2), pages 116-130, September.
    2. William B. Gartner, 2001. "Is There an Elephant in Entrepreneurship? Blind Assumptions in Theory Development," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 25(4), pages 27-39, July.
    3. James C. Hayton & Magdalena Cholakova, 2012. "The Role of Affect in the Creation and Intentional Pursuit of Entrepreneurial Ideas," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 36(1), pages 41-67, January.
    4. Grandey, Alicia A. & Fisk, Glenda M. & Mattila, Anna S. & Jansen, Karen J. & Sideman, Lori A., 2005. "Is "service with a smile" enough? Authenticity of positive displays during service encounters," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 96(1), pages 38-55, January.
    5. Danes Sharon M., 2011. "Pillow Talk Leaks: Integrating Couple Interactions into Entrepreneurship Research," Entrepreneurship Research Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 1(3), pages 1-7, July.
    6. Melissa S. Cardon & Maw–Der Foo & Dean Shepherd & Johan Wiklund, 2012. "Exploring the Heart: Entrepreneurial Emotion is a Hot Topic," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 36(1), pages 1-10, January.
    7. Stephen J. Brammer & Stephen Pavelin, 2006. "Corporate Reputation and Social Performance: The Importance of Fit," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(3), pages 435-455, May.
    8. Zachary Ramona K. & Mishra Chandra S, 2011. "The Future of Entrepreneurship Research: Calling All Researchers," Entrepreneurship Research Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 1(1), pages 1-15, January.
    9. Cardon, Melissa S. & Zietsma, Charlene & Saparito, Patrick & Matherne, Brett P. & Davis, Carolyn, 2005. "A tale of passion: New insights into entrepreneurship from a parenthood metaphor," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 20(1), pages 23-45, January.
    10. Busenitz, Lowell W. & Barney, Jay B., 1997. "Differences between entrepreneurs and managers in large organizations: Biases and heuristics in strategic decision-making," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 12(1), pages 9-30, January.
    11. Scott Shane & Rakesh Khurana, 2003. "Bringing individuals back in: the effects of career experience on new firm founding," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 12(3), pages 519-543, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Lisa Heinze, 2020. "Fashion with heart: Sustainable fashion entrepreneurs, emotional labour and implications for a sustainable fashion system," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(6), pages 1554-1563, November.
    2. M. Afzalur Rahim & Zhenzhong Ma & Cheng-Sim Quah & Md. Sahidur Rahman & Sajjad M. Jasimuddin & Leslie Shaw & Adnan Ozyilmaz, 2019. "Intelligent entrepreneurship and firm performance: A cross-cultural investigation," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 17(4), pages 475-493, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Vivianna Fang He & Charlotta Sirén & Sheetal Singh & George Solomon & Georg von Krogh, 2018. "Keep Calm and Carry On: Emotion Regulation in Entrepreneurs’ Learning from Failure," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 42(4), pages 605-630, July.
    2. Maw–Der Foo & Marilyn A. Uy & Charles Murnieks, 2015. "Beyond Affective Valence: Untangling Valence and Activation Influences on Opportunity Identification," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 39(2), pages 407-431, March.
    3. Zachary Ramona & Mishra Chandra S., 2013. "Research on Angel Investments: The Intersection of Equity Investments and Entrepreneurship," Entrepreneurship Research Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 3(2), pages 160-170, January.
    4. Santos, Susana C. & Caetano, António & Costa, Sílvia F. & Rueff Lopes, Rita & Silva, Ana Junça & Neumeyer, Xaver, 2020. "Uncovering the affective turmoil during opportunity recognition and exploitation: A nonlinear approach," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 14(C).
    5. Erik Lundmark & Anna Krzeminska & Dean A. Shepherd, 2019. "Images of Entrepreneurship: Exploring Root Metaphors and Expanding Upon Them," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 43(1), pages 138-170, January.
    6. Ludvig Levasseur & Jintong Tang & Masoud Karami & Lowell Busenitz & K. Michele Kacmar, 2022. "Increasing alertness to new opportunities: the influence of positive affect and implications for innovation," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 39(1), pages 27-49, March.
    7. De Cock, Robin & Denoo, Lien & Clarysse, Bart, 2020. "Surviving the emotional rollercoaster called entrepreneurship: The role of emotion regulation," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 35(2).
    8. Ludvig Levasseur & Stephen E. Lanivich & Sai Chittaranjan Kalubandi & Apurva Sanaria, 2024. "Time Perspective and Entrepreneurs’ Alertness," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 48(6), pages 1358-1403, November.
    9. Stroe, Silvia & Sirén, Charlotta & Shepherd, Dean & Wincent, Joakim, 2020. "The dualistic regulatory effect of passion on the relationship between fear of failure and negative affect: Insights from facial expression analysis," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 35(4).
    10. Stephanie Duchek, 2018. "Entrepreneurial resilience: a biographical analysis of successful entrepreneurs," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 14(2), pages 429-455, June.
    11. Mikhail Kosmynin & Elisabet Carine Ljunggren, 2023. "Tales of the Unexpected: The Repair Work of an Entrepreneurial Resourcing Practice and the Role of Emotions," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 47(6), pages 2347-2383, November.
    12. Sabrina Artinger & Nir Vulkan & Yotam Shem-Tov, 2015. "Entrepreneurs’ negotiation behavior," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 44(4), pages 737-757, April.
    13. Portocarrero, Florencio & Newbert, Scott & Young, Maia & Zhu, Lily, 2025. "The affective revolution in entrepreneurship: an integrative conceptual review and guidelines for future investigation," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 126090, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    14. Belinda Luke & Martie-Louise Verreynne, 2006. "Exploring strategic entrepreneurship in the public sector," Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 3(1), pages 4-26, April.
    15. Santos, Gina & Marques, Carla Susana & Ferreira, João J.M., 2020. "Passion and perseverance as two new dimensions of an Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation scale," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 190-199.
    16. Benedetto Cannatelli & Matteo Pedrini & Michael Braun, 2019. "Individual-level antecedents of the entrepreneurial approach: the role of different types of passion in the Italian craft brewing industry," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 15(4), pages 1193-1219, December.
    17. Jeffery S. McMullen & Katrina M. Brownell & Joel Adams, 2021. "What Makes an Entrepreneurship Study Entrepreneurial? Toward A Unified Theory of Entrepreneurial Agency," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 45(5), pages 1197-1238, September.
    18. Labaki Rania, 2013. "Beyond the Awaking of a “Sleeping Beauty”: Toward Business Models Inclusive of the Emotional Dimension in Entrepreneurship," Entrepreneurship Research Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 3(3), pages 265-276, July.
    19. Erik Lundmark & Alf Westelius, 2014. "Entrepreneurship as Elixir and Mutagen," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 38(3), pages 575-600, May.
    20. Cassar, Gavin & Craig, Justin, 2009. "An investigation of hindsight bias in nascent venture activity," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 24(2), pages 149-164, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bpj:erjour:v:3:y:2013:i:3:p:331-366:n:3. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Peter Golla (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.degruyter.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.