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Impact of airport policies on regional development. Evidence from the Colombian case

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  • Oscar Díaz Olariaga
  • Carlos Alonso‐Malaver

Abstract

Following the global and regional trend, Colombia liberalized the air transport industry in the early 1990s. With this, an uninterrupted (ongoing to date) development of a set of public policies for this sector started, accompanied by various reforms at the institutional level. These transformations took place following the notion that the Colombian State considers air transport as an essential public service that contributes to the national economic and regional development. Within this package of public air transport policies, airport policies have an essential role, through which a large number of airports in the country were privatized (19 to date), which are distributed, almost homogeneously, throughout the Colombian geography. These privately governed airports are located in large, medium, and small cities, and in regions considered remote and isolated. Therefore, this article analyzes the impact of public air transport policies, with a special emphasis on airport policies, on the country’s territorial connectivity and the socioeconomic development of its regions. To analyze the socioeconomic indicators, the methodology of difference‐in‐differences was used, which is a quasi‐experimental econometric and impact evaluation method. Siguiendo la tendencia mundial y regional, Colombia liberalizó el sector del transporte aéreo a principios de la década de 1990. Con ello se inició un desarrollo ininterrumpido (hasta la fecha) de un conjunto de políticas públicas para este sector, acompañado de diversas reformas a nivel institucional. Estas transformaciones se produjeron siguiendo la noción de que el Estado colombiano considera el transporte aéreo como un servicio público esencial que contribuye al desarrollo económico nacional y regional. Dentro de este paquete de políticas públicas de transporte aéreo, las políticas aeroportuarias tienen un papel esencial, a través de las cuales se privatizaron un gran número de aeropuertos en el país (19 hasta la fecha), los cuales se distribuyen casi homogéneamente a lo largo de la geografía colombiana. Estos aeropuertos de gestión privada están situados en ciudades grandes, medianas y pequeñas, y en regiones consideradas remotas y aisladas. Por ello, este artículo analiza el impacto de las políticas públicas de transporte aéreo, con especial énfasis en las políticas aeroportuarias, sobre la conectividad territorial del país y el desarrollo socioeconómico de sus regiones. Para analizar los indicadores socioeconómicos, se utilizó la metodología de diferencias en diferencias, que es un método econométrico cuasi‐experimental y de evaluación de impacto. 世界的及び地域的な流れに従い、コロンビアは1990年代の初頭に航空輸送産業の自由化を行った。これに伴い、この産業における一連の公共政策の継続的な(現在も進行中)策定が開始され、制度レベルでの様々な改革が行われた。これらの変革は、コロンビア政府が航空輸送を国家経済と地域の発展に寄与する、必要不可欠な公共サービスと位置づけているという意識のもとで実施された。この公共航空輸送政策パッケージの中で、空港政策は必要不可欠であり、コロンビア国内の多くの空港が民営化(現在までに19)され、コロンビア全土にほぼ均一に分布している。これらの民営の空港は、大都市、中都市、小都市、および遠隔地に立地している。そこで本稿では、国内の地域のコネクティビティ(連結性)や地域の社会経済発展に対する公共航空輸送政策の影響について、特に空港政策に重きを置いて、分析する。社会経済指標の分析には、疑似実験的な計量経済学的方法かつインパクト評価法である差分の差の方法を用いた。

Suggested Citation

  • Oscar Díaz Olariaga & Carlos Alonso‐Malaver, 2022. "Impact of airport policies on regional development. Evidence from the Colombian case," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(6), pages 185-210, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:185-210
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12483
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